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G3-PLC Modem 500k The Network Innovation devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k © 2014 devolo AG Aachen (Germany) While the information in this manual has been compiled with great care, it may not be deemed an assurance of product characteristics. devolo shall be liable only to the degree specified in the terms of sale and delivery. The reproduction and distribution of the documentation and software supplied with this product and the use of its contents is subject to written authorization from devolo. We reserve the right to make any alterations that arise as the result of technical development. Trademarks G3-PLC TM is a registered trademark of G3-PLC Alliance. devolo, dLAN®, Vianect® and the devolo logo are registered trademarks of devolo AG. All other names mentioned may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Subject to change without notice. No liability for technical errors or omissions. devolo AG Charlottenburger Allee 60 52068 Aachen Germany www.devolo.com Aachen, December 2014 Version 1.0_December 2014 Contents 1 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1 About this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.1 Intended use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.2 CE conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2 devolo on the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 Disposal of old devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1 The G3-PLC Modem 500k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1.1 Function overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1.2 Indicators, connections and buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.3 Complex example application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.1 Safety notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2 Electrical installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4 Network configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.1 Calling up the configuration interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2 Menu description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.3 Overview page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.4 Network configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.4.1 IPv4 address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.4.2 Date and time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.5 Modem configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.5.1 Mode: PAN coordinator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.5.2 Mode: End device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.6 Device status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4.7 Update firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 4.8 Device security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 4.8.1 4.8.2 Access password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Access interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 5 Practical tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.1 Installation instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.1.1 PAN coordinator installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.1.2 End device installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.1.3 Testing the network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5.1.4 Bandwidth, package runtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.1.5 Broadcast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.1.6 Repeating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 6 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 6.1 Parameter list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Preface 5 1 Preface Thank you for placing your trust in this G3PLC Modem 500k. With the G3-PLC Modem 500k, devolo introduces an efficient solution for IP-based data communication in the area of Access Powerline technology. Developed based on real-world conditions, this is one of the most powerful Powerline platforms for connecting consumers and suppliers and for applications within the low-voltage network. 1.1 About this manual Carefully read all instructions before setting up the device and store the manual and/or installation guide for later reference. Having begun with the introduction to the "G3-PLC" topic and the functional description of the G3PLC Modem 500k with corresponding networking examples in Chapter 2, in Chapter 3 you will learn how to set up the G3-PLC Modem 500k successfully while taking into account the safety instructions. For information on configuring the G3-PLC network, please see Chapter 4. Chapter 5 contains practical tips and chapter 6 concludes the manual with the parameter list. You can find the technical data of the G3PLC Modem 500k in the product information sheet on the Internet under www.devolo.com. Description of the symbols Here we briefly describe the meaning of the symbols used in this manual. Very important note. Failure to observe this note may result in damage. Important note that should be observed. Additional information, background material and configuration tips for your device. 1.1.1 Intended use Use the G3-PLC Modem 500k as described in these instructions to prevent damage and injuries. The intended use of the G3-PLC Modem 500k is connecting devices in the installation area (e.g. Smart Meter Gateway) to the low-voltage network for transmission of consumption data. The G3-PLC Modem 500k is intended for installation on the top-hat rail in the installation area of overvoltage category 4 or lower. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 6 Preface 1.1.2 CE conformity The product conforms to the basic requirements of 쎲 EMC Directive 2004/108/EC The product is designed for use in the EU, Switzerland and Norway. The product is a Class A device. (according to EMC Directive 2004/108/EC) 쎲 LVD 2006/95/EC 쎲 RoHS 2011/65/EU 쎲 ErP 2009/125/EC and the other relevant provisions of the Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Act (FTEG). The CE declaration for this product can be found in the included installation flyer as well as on the Internet under www.devolo.com. 1.2 devolo on the Internet For detailed information on our products, visit www.devolo.com. The devolo business area not only contains product descriptions and documentation, but also updates of devolo software and your device's firmware. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k If you have any further ideas or suggestions related to our products, please don't hesitate to contact us at [email protected]! 1.3 Disposal of old devices To be used in the countries of the European Union and other European countries with a separate collecting system: The icon with crossed-out wastebasket on the device means that this adapter is an electrical or electronic device that falls within the scope of application of the European Community WEEE Directive. These types of devices may no longer be disposed of with household waste. Rather they can be given to a municipal collection point free of charge. Contact your municipal government to find out the address and hours of the nearest collection point. Introduction 7 2 Introduction 2.1 The G3-PLC Modem 500k G3-PLC (in accordance with ITU-T G.9903) is a standard developed for narrowband Powerline (Access Powerline or Access PLC) for exchanging meter data between consumers and energy suppliers in a smart grid. Access PLC technology operates in the frequency range from 150 to 500 kHz. What role does the modem play? The G3-PLC Modem 500k has been developed for this area and meets all of the necessary requirements. There are two different roles within a G3-PLC network (or PAN = Personal Area Network): PAN coordinator or End device. What is the structure of a G3-PLC network? For setting up a G3-PLC network, you need at least one G3-PLC Modem 500k configured as a PAN coordinator. As shown in Figure 1, normally this PAN coordinator is installed at the "mains outlet". The modem is connected to an administrator computer or a broadband connection (the Internet) at that point. In the default configuration, a G3-PLC Modem 500k is designated an end device. These end devices are installed in the premetering area at end customers and can register at this PAN coordinator. The PAN coordinator and the end devices connected to it form a G3PLC network (also see Figure 1). You assign a separate PAN ID to each G3-PLC network or PAN coordinator. This ID is issued once during configuration while performing setup. You can assign end devices to a specific G3-PLC network or specific PAN coordinator using the PAN ID or allow the end device to search for the best possible connection by itself (see also Chapter 4.5.2 Mode: End device). Ensure that you always start by setting up the PAN coordinator when setting up a G3-PLC network. All end devices that you subsequently install can then register at the PAN coordinator directly. You can find more tips and information in the chapters titled 4.5 Modem configuration and 5 Practical tips. 2.1.1 Function overview 쎲 Ethernet via G3-PLC functionality 쎲 Transmission of any IPv4/IPv6 packages devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 8 Introduction 쎲 Gross data rate up to 240 kbps, corresponding for example to 65 kbps for TCP/IP data transmission 쎲 Conforms to G3-PLC (ITU-T G.9903) 쎲 Operating frequency: 150 kHz to 500 kHz 쎲 OFDM modulation 쎲 Single or 3-phase coupling 쎲 Dynamic routing mechanism supports mesh networking and the automatic selection of the optimum transmission path 쎲 Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) improves error detection and data reliability 쎲 Dynamic connection adaptation to select the optimum data rate based on the channel conditions 쎲 Operating temperature range: -25 °C to +55 °C 쎲 Connection to 230 V or 400 V AC devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Introduction 9 2.1.2 Indicators, connections and buttons Ethernet RS232/RS485 Control lamps Line connections Reset Fig. 1 devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 10 Introduction Line connections (Fig. 1) This is where you connect the conductors to the corresponding line connections: Single-phase connection: The neutral conductor and external conductor are connected to the N and L1 terminals. Three-phase connection: The neutral conductor and an external conductor are connected to the L1, L2 and L3 terminals. The permitted conductor cross-section for connection to the terminals is 0.18 mm² to 6 mm². Ethernet connection (Fig. 1) You can connect the G3-PLC Modem 500k to a smart meter gateway or another Ethernet device using an Ethernet cable. RS232/RS485 connection (Fig. 1) The connection is provided for future additions and is not active at this time. Indicator lights (Fig. 1) The indicator lights (LEDs) indicate all of the statuses of the G3-PLC Modem 500k using a variety of illuminating and/or flashing patterns. During the start-up process, all of the LEDs flash at irregular intervals devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k simultaneously or in sequence for approximately 1 minute. Power (Fig.1) Steady green light if the G3-PLC Modem 500k is operational. PLC link (Fig. 1) Steady green light if there is a PLC connection; flashes green during data transfer. Steady orange light if there is no PLC connection. Error message (Fig. 1) Steady orange light if there is an internal system error in the device. Reset button (Fig. 1) The Reset button has two different functions: 쎲 The device restarts if you press the Reset button for less than 10 seconds. 쎲 To change the configuration of the G3PLC Modem 500k back to the factory default, press the Reset button for more than 10 seconds (until all of the LEDs go out). Keep in mind that all settings that have already been configured will be lost! Introduction 11 You can use a pointed object to press the reset button. 2.1.3 Complex example application Smart metering The following figure shows a smart grid. A portion of it uses Access PLC for data communication in smart metering. Multiple households are connected to one dis- tribution station and connected together to form one communication cluster (G3-PLC network). Communication is transmitted from the households using PLC via the low-voltage distribution network to the next distribution station (PAN coordinator) or to one or more separate and suitable transfer points. From there, media transfer takes place based on broadband uplink technology. Fig. 2 devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 12 Introduction devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Installation 13 3 Installation In this chapter we describe the electrical installation of the G3-PLC Modem 500k on the top-hat rail in the power distribution box. Package contents Please ensure that the delivery is complete before beginning the installation of your G3-PLC Modem 500k. 쎲 G3-PLC Modem 500k 쎲 Information leaflet devolo AG reserves the right to change the package contents without prior notice. System requirements 쎲 Ethernet connection 3.1 Safety notes It is essential to have read and understood all safety and operating instructions before the device is used for the first time; these should then be kept safely for future reference. *For Germany: NAV = Niederspannungsanschlussverordnung (Lowvoltage Connection Ordinance) of 3 Installation may be performed by a qualified electrician only (in acc. with German Low Voltage Connection Ordinance (NAV)*, Part 2, §13). Additional restrictions on installation authorisation may apply at the intended installation location (e.g. premetering area). This requires coordination with the associated power company. Use a short-circuit-proof line in the premetering or postmetering area without a separate fuse if the sizes have to be less than the prescribed nominal cross-sections for the existing fuse protection. 쎲 The device is intended for installation on the tophat rail in the installation area of overvoltage category 4 or lower. 쎲 Do not open the device. There are no user-serviceable parts inside the device. The device should only be installed at locations that guarantee adequate ventilation. Slots and openings on the housing are used for ventilation: 쎲 Never cover the device. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 14 Installation 쎲 Do not place any objects on the device. 쎲 Do not insert any objects into the openings of the device. 쎲 Do not place the device directly next to open flame (such as fire or candles). 쎲 Do not expose the device to sources of direct heat radiation (such as a radiator or direct sunlight). 쎲 The device must be operated exclusively on a public mains power supply as described on the rating plate. 3.2 Electrical installation 1 Install the G3-PLC Modem 500k properly on the top-hat rail. Take into account the vertical installation alignment of the device, so that the mains power supply comes from below. 2 Now connect the conductors according to the line connections. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k When connecting to the sockets, make sure the conductor cross-section is 0.18 mm² to 6 mm². Use a short-circuit-proof line in the premetering or postmetering area without a separate fuse if the sizes have to be less than the prescribed nominal cross-sections for the existing fuse protection. 쑗 Single-phase connection: The neutral conductors and external conductors are connected to the N and L1 terminals. 쑗 Three-phase connection: The neutral conductor and an external conductor are connected to the L1, L2 and L3 terminals. To optimise the data transmission, we recommend the three-phase connection. Network configuration 15 4 Network configuration The G3-PLC Modem 500k has a built-in configuration interface that can be called up using a standard web browser. All settings for operating the device can be modified here. 4.1 Calling up the configuration interface IP address You can access the configuration interface of the device using its current IP address. This can either be entered manually as a static address or retrieved automatically from a DHCP server. The option Use network settings provided by a DHCP server is enabled for the G3-PLC Modem 500k in the factory defaults. You should keep this default setting if a DHCP server is already available for assigning IP addresses in the network (such as a computer or router). You can use this IP address to start the configuration in a web browser. Note the different MAC addresses for Ethernet and PLC. A DHCP server registers the G3-PLC Modem 500k using the Ethernet MAC address. This is derived by subtracting 1 from the PLC MAC address; the PLC MAC address can be found on the label on the housing. You can find more information about DHCP in the chapter titled 4.4 Network configuration. Login password When calling up the configuration interface for the first time, enter admin into both the user name field and the password field. The built-in configuration interface of the G3PLC Modem 500k is assigned the factory default password admin. You should replace the default password by assigning an individual login password after installing the G3-PLC Modem 500k to prevent access by third parties. You can find more information about the login password in the chapter titled 4.8 Device security. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 16 Network configuration 4.2 Menu description 4.3 Overview page All menu functions are described both in the corresponding interface as well as in the associated chapter in the manual. The sequence of the description in the manual follows the structure of the menu. The five central areas of the configuration interface are shown on the main menu. Click the button of an area to move directly into it. Click Save to save the settings of the respective area of the configuration interface. Click Back to leave the respective area of the configuration interface. Select the desired language in the language selection list. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 쎲 The Network configuration area lets you change network and time control settings. 쎲 The Modem configuration area lets you specify the mode of the device and the settings for data communication. 쎲 The Device status area contains specific device data. In addition, this area lets you restart the device and restore factory default settings. 쎲 The Update firmware area lets you update the firmware of your device. 쎲 The Device security area lets you specify access restrictions to your device. Network configuration 17 4.4 Network configuration Here you can change network and time control settings. 4.4.1 IPv4 address As a component of your network, the G3PLC Modem 500k communicates using the IPv4 protocol. The IP address required for this can either be entered manually as a static address or obtained automatically from a DHCP server. The IPv4 address is only necessary for configuring and managing the device. The option Use network settings provided by a DHCP server is enabled in the factory defaults. If a DHCP server is already present in the network for giving out IP addresses, have the option Use network settings provided by a DHCP server enabled so that the G3-PLC Modem 500k automatically receives an address from it. Avoid using the option to have the IP address assigned by a DHCP server. Only select DHCP if you want to op- devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 18 Network configuration erate the device without an individualised configuration. If you assign a static IP address, make corresponding entries under IP address, Netmask, Default gateway and Name server. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Confirm your entries with Save. Network configuration 19 4.4.2 Date and time A time server is a server on the Internet whose task consists of providing the exact time. Enable the option Retrieve date and time automatically, so that the G3-PLC Modem 500k can automatically synchronise the date and time. Select your Time zone and the Time server. If you have enabled the option Adjust to daylight savings time automatically, the G3-PLC Modem 500k automatically adjust to daylight savings time. Confirm your entries with Save. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 20 Network configuration 4.5 Modem configuration Here you can specify the mode of the device and the settings for data communication. The device features two different modes: End device and PAN coordinator. Depending on the selection, the corresponding configuration options are displayed. In order to set up a G3-PLC network, you have to install the first device as a PAN coordinator. You can find more tips and information on this topic in the chapters titled 2.1 The G3PLC Modem 500k and 5 Practical tips. 4.5.1 Mode: PAN coordinator If the G3-PLC Modem 500k is to be configured as a PAN coordinator, select the PAN coordinator mode. The PAN ID (range 0..99) is the identifier of a G3-PLC network or a PAN coordinator that you assign once to each G3-PLC network or PAN coordinator specifically during configuration (while performing setup). The Group Master Key (GMK) is the network key for a G3-PLC network. This can be composed specific to a person or customer. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Network configuration 21 All of the devices in a G3-PLC network have to use the same network key to obtain access to the respective G3-PLC network. Any changes to the key have to be applied to all of the associated devices manually. Confirm your entries with Save. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 22 Network configuration Advanced configuration – PAN coordinator Layer 2 security – The encryption of data can be enabled and disabled here. Packets destined for devices which are not on the network are discarded If this option is enabled, unicast data packets with a receiver that cannot be accessed are discarded after a Limit network access to devices of the network access list If this option is enabled, new connections from the modem are permitted only if they are already listed in the network access list. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k certain period. At the same time, use Maximum allowed consecutive error events to define the number of successive failed attempts to forward the packets before the system starts discarding them. Error events cause network interference and data transmission delays. If this option is disabled, newly connected devices are added to the network access list automatically (see Network access list – PAN coordinator). TxQueueLen Incoming data is stored temporarily in the input buffer, but the buffer also fills up quickly due to the high data Network configuration 23 transmission of the Ethernet interface (100 Mbps). In contrast to Ethernet, data is sent over the Powerline connection very slowly (max. 80 kbps). In order to ensure equitable distribution of the available bandwidth to all services, specify the memory size in the TxQueueLen field (in kilobytes). You can also find more tips and information on this topic in 5 Practical tips. Confirm your entries with Save. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 24 Network configuration Network access list – PAN coordinator Under the device's factory defaults, all of the end devices connected in a G3-PLC network appear in the network access list automatically. The index is generated by the PAN coordinator automatically when the device connects. The PLC MAC address is permanently associated with the device. You can update the list and remove end devices from the list. Using the Invert selection button, you can deselect the selected devices and vice versa. This simplifies operation in many cases. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Network configuration 25 4.5.2 Mode: End device If the G3-PLC Modem 500k is intended to operate as end device, select the end device mode. and enter the PAN ID of the corresponding G3-PLC network. In this case, your G3-PLC Modem 500k can communicate only using that selected G3-PLC network. You can find more tips and information on this topic in the chapters titled 2.1 The G3PLC Modem 500k and 5 Practical tips. The Group Master Key (GMK) is the network key for a G3-PLC network. This can be composed specific to a person or customer. Confirm your entries with Save. Each G3-PLC network and each PAN coordinator has its own PAN ID. Under Advanced configuration, enable the Select PAN automatically option in order for an end device to select the G3-PLC network or PAN coordinator itself. The PAN ID field is greyed out in this case. This means your G3-PLC Modem 500k is not assigned to a specific G3-PLC network or PAN coordinator. Instead, it selects the best possible connection, picking the most readily accessible PAN coordinator as a result. All of the devices in a G3-PLC network have to use the same network key to obtain access to the respective G3-PLC network. Any changes to the key have to be applied to all of the associated devices manually. If you want to assign your G3-PLC Modem 500k to a specific G3-PLC network, disable the Select PAN automatically option under Advanced configuration devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 26 Network configuration Advanced configuration – Mode: End device Layer 2 security The encryption of data can be enabled and disabled here. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Network configuration 27 Packets destined for devices which are not on the network are discarded Force connection to PAN with any communication errors If this option is enabled, unicast data packets with a receiver that cannot be accessed are discarded after a certain period. At the same time, use Maximum allowed consecutive error events to define the number of successive failed attempts to forward the packets before the system starts discarding them. If this option is enabled, the device starts trying to establish a new connection immediately in the event of a communication error. This new connection may either take an alternative route to the known PAN coordinator or a route for connecting to another available PAN coordinator. Error events cause network interference and data transmission delays. The packet where the error occurred is lost, however. Allow broadcasts for end devices / Disable communication between end devices Keep G3-PLC connection alive/ Force connection to PAN after a period of time without data traffic from the PAN coordinator The options Allow broadcasts for end devices and Disable communication between end devices are directly related. This means that if you have low bandwidth it is useful to do the following: 쎲 Disable the Allow broadcasts for end devices option (saying no to the option) 쎲 Enable the Disable communication between end devices option (saying yes to the option). This lets you prevent excessive data traffic and avoid overloading the network. Naturally you can apply the settings the other way around if the situation allows, such as if you have sufficient bandwidth. An end device receives the status Online as soon as it has established a connection to a PAN coordinator. The status of the modem is both shown under 4.6 Device status in the drop-down list and indicated by the green Link LED. Continuous data traffic is required to ensure the status of a modem is always up to date. The modem first notices a disruption to or interruption in the connection when trying to send a data packet. At this point, the modem first looks for an alternative connection. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 28 Network configuration This new connection may either take an alternative route to the known PAN coordinator or a route for connecting to another available PAN coordinator. In a case like this, the modem can also act as a node for another G3-PLC network. In order to keep the Online status up to date and avoid delays from connecting again, enable the options Keep G3-PLC connection alive and Force connection to PAN after a period of time without data traffic from the PAN coordinator. 쎲 Keep G3-PLC connection alive The modem generates artificial data traffic (in the form of keepalive packets) at the interval you specify. Incoming data traffic over Ethernet resets the timer to avoid generating unnecessary additional data traffic. If the keepalive packet cannot be forwarded, the procedure for establishing a new connection goes into effect as described above. If the system fails to establish the new connection, the modem switches to the Offline status. This is indicated by the steady orange light of the Link LED. 쎲 Force connection to PAN after a period of time without data traffic the from PAN coordinator devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k This is used to monitor whether data from the PAN coordinator is being received over Powerline. If no data traffic over Powerline occurs during the interval you specify, the previously described procedure for establishing a new connection goes into effect. If the system fails to establish the new connection, the modem switches to the Offline status. This is indicated by the steady orange light of the Link LED. Select PAN automatically Each G3-PLC network and each PAN coordinator has its own PAN ID. This option must be enabled if you want the end device to select the G3-PLC network or PAN coordinator automatically. The PAN ID field under 4.5.2 Mode: End device is greyed out in this case. This means your G3-PLC Modem 500k is not assigned to a specific G3-PLC network or PAN coordinator. Instead, it selects the best possible connection, picking the most readily accessible PAN coordinator as a result. If you want to assign your G3-PLC Modem 500k to a specific G3-PLC network, disable this option and enter the PAN ID of the corresponding G3-PLC network in the PAN ID field under 4.5.2 Mode: End device. In this case, your G3-PLC Modem 500k can communicate only using that selected G3-PLC network. Network configuration 29 Prefer direct PAN coordinator connection If you enable this option, repeating connections are selected only if a direct connection cannot be made from the end device to the PAN coordinator (regardless of the connection quality). TxQueueLen Incoming data is stored temporarily in the input buffer, but the buffer also fills up quickly due to the high data transmission of the Ethernet interface (100 Mbps). In contrast to Ethernet, data is sent over the Powerline connection very slowly (max. 80 kbps). In order to ensure equitable distribution of the available bandwidth to all services, specify the memory size in the TxQueueLen field (in kilobytes). Confirm your entries with Save. You can also find more tips and information on this topic in 5 Practical tips. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 30 Network configuration 4.6 Device status OnlineStatus: Online / Offline In addition to static information such as the ID and firmware version of the G3-PLC Modem 500k, you can find an assortment of device information in the dropdown list, including: TopologyOneLine Show how the end device modem is connected to the PAN coordinator and the quality of the connection 쎲 e.g. "0c0001,1e0001-00002" = The end device with network ID 0001 (see Network access list – PAN coordinator) is connected directly (without using a repeater) to the PAN coordinator. The connection quality (route cost) to this modem is "0C" (a hexadecimal value). A low value implies a good connection; a high value implies a poor connection. 쎲 The end device with the PAN ID 0002 is using the device with the PAN ID of 0001 as a repeater and is connected with a connection quality of 1E. You can find the corresponding command list in the annex (see 6.1 Parameter list). You can find detailed information in the document "G3-PLC Spec ITU-T G.9903" at www.itu.int. Temperature Show the temperature on the device signal board devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Network configuration 31 Restart and factory defaults Internal event meter You can restart your device here by clicking Restart. These event counters are used to monitor the system. In the event of slight system disruptions, the modem software restarts automatically and the Modem start counter increases by one. In the event of severe system disruptions or software updates, the entire system is re- If you want to reset the device to the factory defaults, enable the Factory default option and click Restart. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 32 Network configuration started. In this case, the Restart counter increases by one. 4.7 Update firmware The firmware of the G3-PLC Modem 500k includes the software for operating the device. If necessary, devolo offers new versions on the Internet as a file download, for example to modify existing functions. 1 To bring the firmware up to the latest version, first go to the devolo website, www.devolo.com, and download the appropriate file for the G3PLC Modem 500k to your computer. 2 Then in the configuration dialogue, go to the Update firmware area. Click Browse… and select the downloaded file. 3 Then start the update procedure with the Update Firmware button. After a successful update, the G3-PLC Modem 500k restarts automatically. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 4.8 Device security Here you can control access to the configuration interface as well as access to the interfaces. 4.8.1 Access password You can specify a login password for access to the configuration interface. Network configuration 33 The built-in configuration interface of the G3-PLC Modem 500k is assigned the factory default password admin as means of providing some security. You should replace the default password by assigning an individual login password after installing the G3-PLC Modem 500k to prevent access by third parties. 1 To do so, first enter (if present) the current password and then enter the desired new password twice. Now the configuration interface is protected against unauthorised access with your individual password! 2 Enter admin in the User name field and your individual password in the Password field. The admin user name cannot be changed. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 34 Network configuration 4.8.2 Access interfaces Here you can specify which interfaces you want to allow access to which protocols. HTTP The HTTP interface is used to transmit data over the network, such as for loading the web browser. SSH The SSH interface is used to implement encrypted network connections to a remote device. ATN The ATN interface (Autonomous Test Node) can be used to connect a test data generator which simulates being networked with smart metering gateways and inputs test data into the G3-PLC network using the selected interface. The ATN function is enabled by default on end devices and communicates with the administrator program using the G3-PLC interface. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Practical tips 35 5 Practical tips In this chapter, you will find helpful tips and information for setting up a G3-PLC network. It is important that each PAN coordinator receive its own PAN ID. This ID is issued once for configuration during setup. 5.1 Installation instructions When setting up a G3-PLC network, start by setting up the PAN coordinator: 5.1.1 PAN coordinator installation 쎲 Install any modem at the "PAN coordinator" location. 쎲 Approximately 1 minute after it has been switched on, the Power LED lights up in green. 쎲 The link LED lights up in orange because the G3PLC Modem 500k is configured as an "end device" by default. 쎲 Now, configure the device as a "PAN coordinator" and assign it a unique PAN ID. Approximately 1 minute after confirming the configuration change by selecting Save, the link LED lights up in green, signalling the "Online" link status. This means that the PAN coordinator is now ready to register the end devices. Initially, the network access whitelist is still empty. Position the PAN coordinator as close to the centre of the network as possible so that as many end devices as possible can connect to it directly. G3-PLC technology features a "repeating" function that should be avoided as much as possible if you want to achieve high bandwidth (see Chapter 5.1.6 Repeating). When connecting an area with many end devices, it may make sense or even be necessary to place multiple PAN coordinators in the selected positions. There can be many reasons for this: 쎲 Multiple PAN coordinators can create a redundancy: In case of a dropout or an inability to connect to the PAN coordinator, an end device modem can automatically connect to another PAN coordinator. 쎲 Multiple PAN coordinators each cover their own regions to prevent repeating. 5.1.2 End device installation Each G3-PLC Modem 500k is configured as an end device by default and does not normally require any additional configuration. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 36 Practical tips After switching it on, the modem immediately searches for an available PAN coordinator. Because this coordinator is already installed and online, the end device can register at the PAN coordinator immediately. Upon successful registration, the link LED lights up in green. If the link LED is still lit in orange after several minutes, then the end device could not connect to any PAN coordinator. This may be because the distance is too large or interference in the mains supply is preventing the connection. You can also log into the network initially using other end device modems – repeaters, for example – provided that these modems are connected to the PAN coordinator. As soon as the end device has successfully registered at the PAN coordinator, the installation of this device is complete. Before you install the next end device modem, write down the MAC address of the modem and the installation location. The MAC address is listed on the label of the device housing. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Each end device modem can be identified and located in the network access whitelist of the PAN coordinator. 5.1.3 Testing the network If all end device modems are successfully installed ("Online" link status), then you can query the network access whitelist at the PAN coordinator. All installed end devices should now be listed here. Here, you can identify the devices using their individual MAC address. Upon registration, the PAN coordinator automatically assigned an individual, four-character network ID to each end device modem. Only this network ID is output for further queries. Therefore, it would be wise to write down this ID in a network plan. Once you have assigned a static IP to the devices (either manually or through configuration of a DHCP server connected to the PAN coordinator), it is recommended that you also write down this address in the network plan. G3-PLC technology has a "repeating" function. This allows end device modems to use other modems as relay stations if they cannot connect to the PAN coordinator directly. To query this logical network topology, use the Practical tips 37 parameter TopologieOne Line below the 4.6 Device status of the PAN coordinator. Additional important information The following information is helpful in understanding the behaviour of the modems and helping you to optimize it: 쎲 It is always advisable to install the PAN coordinator first. If the PAN coordinator is the first device "online", then it has the advantage that end device modems can register immediately at the PAN coordinator. 쎲 If the PAN coordinator is not available when starting a end device, then the modem waits several seconds before a new attempt is initiated to register at the PAN coordinator. This time interval between attempts is random, but tends to increase. If a PAN coordinator cannot be accessed for a long period of time, then the time interval can be many minutes. 쎲 The topology information (TopologieOne Line below the 4.6 Device status of the PAN coordinator) varies depending on the data traffic between the connections. In order to obtain up-to-date information, it is advisable to generate data traffic from the PAN coordinator to all end devices shortly before the query. You can accomplish this, for example, by using the computer connected to the PAN coordinator to "ping" the end device modems (ICMP) successively. This is only possible if you know the individual IP addresses of the modems. 쎲 The online status of an end device modem is set to "Online" immediately after successful registration at the PAN coordinator. When this occurs, the link LED turns green. 쎲 If the connection between an end device and the PAN coordinator is interrupted (due to interference in the mains supply, for example), then this is detected only if data can no longer be successfully transported via this connection. Only then does the status of the end device change to "Offline" and the link LED turns orange. If a data transfer does not occur, then this means that the status information is not up to date. The modem software provides various functions through which the online status can be automatically checked and kept current, even without incoming data traffic (see Chapter Advanced configuration – Mode: End device). 쎲 Usually, the modem can be tested and configured by connecting a computer to the modem via Ethernet. The computer frequently transits broadcast packets via the Ethernet interface, depending on the settings and installed programs. If too devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 38 Practical tips many broadcast packets are fed into the network as a result, then this can cause substantial interference in the G3-PLC network (see also 5.1.5 Broadcast). 5.1.4 Bandwidth, package runtime Access Powerline in accordance with the G3-PLC standard (ITU-T G.9903) is designed for long range and stability. To achieve this, the G3-PLC uses the frequency band of 150 to 500 KHz. Compared with broadband Powerline technology, therefore, only low bandwidths can be reached. This low bandwidth applies to the entire G3-PLC network (the sum of the bandwidth of all communication paths in use) and must be taken into account when operating network components! If data packets are sent to the modem via the Ethernet connection, then this can occur at high speeds (100 Mbps). This quickly fills the input buffers of the modems and additional data packets cannot be added again until data packets are sent from the buffer via the powerline (FiFo = First in, First Out). Relatively speaking, this occurs very slowly. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k In addition, the subsequent services must wait (too long) to get their data. Similar to the low bandwidth (depending on the connection quality and the use of repeating), a high package runtime is to be expected (100 milliseconds up to several seconds). Logically adapt the application to the behaviour of the modems by: 쎲 Reducing the TX bandwidth to the expected maximum bandwidth of the connection 쎲 Increasing the timeout settings 쎲 Preventing unnecessary data transfer You can find corresponding configuration options under Advanced configuration – Mode: End device. 5.1.5 Broadcast Broadcast packets are data packets without a unique destination address (= omnidirectional data traffic). Broadcast packets that travel to a G3PLC Modem 500k via the Ethernet interface are sent to all network nodes in the G3-PLC network. If the broadcast packet rate exceeds a value of 0.3 fps (frames per second), then the proper functioning of the network is substantially impaired. A router can effectively prevent unnecessary broadcast packets from travelling to the G3-PLC network: Practical tips 39 PAN coordinator Router (barrier) Metering data Local data for other applications Fig. 3 The router with its LAN interface is connected to the G3-PLC modem. Then, the productive network is connected to the WAN interface of the router. A suitable configuration of the router can ensure that only broadcast packets that are absolutely necessary are sent from the productive network to the G3-PLC network (see Advanced configuration – Mode: End device). 5.1.6 Repeating Modems that cannot directly communicate with each other due to a large distance use other modems as relay stations ("repeaters"). Each modem has this "repeating" function, which can only be changed to a limited extent by the user. In case of connection problems between two modems, it may be helpful to install an additional modem in between the existing ones. Whether this modem is actudevolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 40 Practical tips ally used as a repeater is the sole decision of the existing modems, which dynamically adjust the route using complex algorithms. Please note that the bandwidth decreases significantly through the use of repeating, but repeating may be necessary for there to be a connection between two modems in the first place. To prevent repeating, we recommend using a meshed topology or a topology in a star configuration rather than a linear one for the planning of the physical network topology. You can find corresponding configuration options under Advanced configuration – Mode: End device. devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Appendix 41 6 Appendix 6.1 Parameter list (see 4.6 Device status) Additional attributes to clause 7.4.2 of [IEEE 802.15.4] Attribute Description macHighPriorityWindowSize The high priority contention window size in number of slots. macTxDataPacketCount Statistic counter of successfully transmitted MSDUs macRxDataPacketCount Statistic counter of successfully received MSDUs macTxCmdPacketCount Statistic counter of successfully transmitted command packets macRxCmdPacketCount Statistic counter of successfully received command packets macCSMAFailCount Statistic counter of failed CSMA transmit attempts macCSMACollisionCount Statistic counter of collision due to channel busy or failed transmission macBroadcastCount Statistic counter of the number of broadcast frames sent macMulticastCount Statistic counter of the number of multicast frames sent macBadCRCCount Statistic counter of the number of frames received with bad CRC devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 42 Appendix Additional attributes to clause 7.4.2 of [IEEE 802.15.4] Attribute Description macMaxOrphanTimer The maximum number of seconds without communication with a particular device after which it is declared as an orphan. macNeighbourTable The neighbour table defined in clause 11.3.5.2. macNumberOfHops The number of hops to reach the PAN coordinator. macFreqNotching S-FSK 63 and 74 kHz frequency notching. Default value is FALSE (disabled) macCSMAFairnessLimit Specifies how many failed back-off attempts, back- off exponent is set to minBE macMaxAgeTime Maximum lifetime of a device in neighbour table in minutes before sending a new tone map request macMaxNeighborValidTime Maximum time of validity for an entry in neighbour table in minutes macRCCoord Route cost to coordinator to be used in the beacon payload as RC_COORD devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Appendix 43 MAC sublayer attributes and their associated ID (These are new identifiers associated with IEEE 802.15.5 MAC sublayer attributes that are used by this Recommendation.) Attribute Description macAckWait Duration Duration of acknowledgement in microseconds macBSN Beacon frame sequence number macCoordExtended Address Coordinator extended address macCoordShort Address Coordinator short address macDSN Data frame sequence number macMaxBE Maximum value of back-off exponent. It should always be > macMinBE macMaxCSMA Backoffs Maximum number of back- off attempts macMaxFrame Retries Maximum number of retransmission macMinBE Minimum value of back-off exponent macPanId PAN Id macResponseWait Time Response waiting time in microseconds, set to macAckWait Duration macSecurityEnabled Security enabled macShortAddress Device short address devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k 44 Appendix MAC sublayer attributes and their associated ID (These are new identifiers associated with IEEE 802.15.5 MAC sublayer attributes that are used by this Recommendation.) Attribute Description macPromiscuous Mode Promiscuous mode enabled macTimeStamp Support MAC frame time stamp support enable devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k Index A Access PLC 7 Access Powerline 7 ATN (Autonomous Test Node) 34 B Broadcast 38 C Conductor cross-section 10 Configuration interface 15 D DHCP server 15, 17 Disposal of old devices 6 E End device 7 Ethernet connection 10 External conductor 14 G G3-PLC 7, 38 G3-PLC network (or PAN = Personal Area Network) 7 Group Master Key (GMK) 25 H HTTP 34 I Installation alignment 14 IP address 15, 17 L Line connections 10 N Narrowband Powerline 7 Network plan 36 Neutral conductor 10, 14 P Package contents 13 PAN coordinator 7 PAN ID 7, 20 Q Qualified electrician 13 R Relay station 36 Repeater 39 S Safety instructions 13 Single-phase connection 10, 14 Smart Grid 7 SSH 34 System requirements 13 devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k T Terminals 10, 14 Three-phase connection 10, 14 Time server 19 devolo G3-PLC Modem 500k