Transcript
Testing lets the phones do the talking An important communication tool on Australian farms is the CDMA mobile phone, which is rapidly replacing two-way radios. In this report, funded by the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Kondinin Group looked at 11 of the latest handsets available, advances in technology and what farmers can expect from mobile telephones in the future. At a glance • Four out of five Kondinin Group members surveyed used a CDMA mobile phone as a farm communication tool.
• Most areas with CDMA coverage also will have CDMA 1x technology by 2005. CDMA 1x technology provides high-speed data transfer, enhanced messaging functions and allows users to surf the internet. • Colour LCD screens are becoming more popular but a Kondinin Group user panel found complicated background graphics and backlight dimming made the screens difficult to read. • Panel members also criticised flush-mounted keypads, which were more difficult to use than keypads with raised buttons. • Simply extending the handset antenna will improve coverage slightly, while using a patch lead in conjunction with the handset will increase the coverage area significantly, depending on the antenna mounting location. • Consider ease of use, performance and features required before buying a CDMA handset. In most cases, additional features such as cameras can add significantly to the cost of handsets. • Most mobile phones use lithium ion-type batteries that last longer with partial recharging. • Only 41% of members surveyed used the short message service (SMS) function. SMS messaging is an inexpensive and effective way of communicating on-farm.
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Photos: Ben White
• Mobile phone users can switch between service providers and between GSM and CDMA networks while keeping the same telephone number.
Kondinin Group tested 11 of the latest CDMA mobile phone handsets for features and performance and also looked at accessories and antennas for compatibility to investigate how to get the most out of mobile phones.
T
he digital code divisional multiple access (CDMA) mobile phone network is growing in popularity but finding the best handset for individual needs can be daunting. To make the buying decision easier, Kondinin Group tested 11 of the latest handsets on the market for coverage sensitivity, ease of use, sound quality, battery life, durability, portability, features and accessory compatibility. Phone use Farmers rely heavily on mobile phones to communicate with buyers, suppliers and in everyday farm operations. Kondinin Group’s 2003 National Agricultural Survey (NAS) showed 84 per cent of 709 members surveyed used a mobile phone in their farming operation. Four out of five members used CDMA mobile phone handsets (see Figure 1), with more than two-thirds of users finding them easy to use and reliable. Only 41% of members used text messaging (via the short messaging service, SMS), 2% used wireless access protocol (WAP) services (otherwise known as the mobile internet) and only 3% sent and received email on their handsets, while 74% said this feature was not required. Nokia users rated their phone highest for reliability, phone features, ease of use
of buttons and menu. Samsung handsets earned the highest rating for phone reception range, while Ericsson models were considered the most dust-proof. Twenty-seven per cent of respondents used a car kit for their phone at an average cost of $357. Testing lets phones do the talking Because handsets are continually improving, Kondinin Group assessed 11 of the latest CDMA handsets on the market (see Table 1, page 16). Kondinin Group engineers and a panel of farmers evaluated each new handset FIGURE 1 CDMA phone ownership Samsung 6% Qualcomm 12%
Unknown 9% Ericsson 6%
Nokia 11%
Hyundai 6%
Motorola 4% LG 21%
Kyocera 25%
Source: Kondinin Group National Agricultural Survey, 2003.
FA R M I N G A H E A D
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for its breadth of signal coverage sensitivity, ease of use, sound quality, battery life, durability, portability, features and accessory compatibility (see Table 2, page 16).
CDMA and its future he CDMA mobile phone network has expanded into rural Australia and is the mobile telephone of choice in rural areas due to its superior coverage area over the digital global standard for mobile communications (GSM) network which has been adopted in urban areas.
T
Coverage area The maximum distance a telephone call connection could be maintained on flat land was measured by travelling away from a CDMA base station. Testing involved using the fully charged handsets outside a vehicle at intervals away from the base station, regardless of indicated signal strength, and the maximum effective distance a call could be maintained from the base station measured using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The farthest average distance a call could be maintained from the base station was 36.2 kilometres, achieved by the Nokia 2280, followed closely by the Kyocera 2235 at 35.8km. The Hyundai TX60B and the Kyocera 7135 could only manage an average distance from the base station of 33.5km and 33.7km respectively.
The CDMA network was installed during 1999 and ran concurrently with the analogue network that was phased out during 2000. Since then, the technology has improved rapidly with handsets and the CDMA network now capable of sending and receiving text messages using the short messaging service (SMS), accessing the internet using wireless access protocol (WAP) and even transmitting pictures between handsets using the multimedia messaging service (MMS). As handsets develop, video messaging also will become available. Already underway is the expansion of the CDMA 1x network, which delivers integrated voice and data transmission and faster data transmitting speeds. This means ‘surfing’ the internet from the mobile phone will be faster than using the current dial-up internet connection for home computers.
Ease of use The farmer panel evaluated each handset for its ease of use based on making and receiving a call, storing and retrieving a telephone number or name, accessing the message bank, sending and receiving an SMS, screen readability, phone size and ergonomics, keypad operation and the operator’s manual. The panel also assessed the sound quality of incoming and outgoing calls, using each handset in the same area to ensure all phones were tested equally. Battery life To test battery life, each fully charged handset was switched on for 12 hours per day and one five-minute call made every hour. The phones were turned off for the remaining 12 hours. This cycle was repeated daily until the battery was exhausted. The Kyocera 7135 was capable of only making 27 five-minute phone calls every hour for 12 hours per day, while the Samsung SCH A601 achieved more than double, with 60 calls before the battery was flat. The time taken to fully recharge each battery was also recorded with recharge times varying from 101 minutes for the Nokia 2280 to 268 minutes for the Kyocera SE47. Handset durability To test for durability, handsets were dropped from a height of 800 millimetres. Each phone was dropped eight times on its six sides and assessed for any functional and physical damage. Phones also were subjected to temperatures of 40 degrees Celsius at 80% humidity for FA R M I N G A H E A D
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A panel of farmers evaluated each mobile phone with handsets that had raised buttons (pictured top) rating highly. While phones are getting smaller and more lightweight (middle) keeping batteries charged (pictured bottom) can be time-consuming with the handsets tested taking 1.5–4.5 hours to recharge.
72 hours. Phones were inspected daily for damage and to check for signs of ongoing functional damage or recovery. There was little variation in the performance of handsets after durability testing. Eight of the phones showed only ‘minor damage’ — being physical damage that is temporary or non-vital including a detached battery or opened cover, requiring no significant repairs. The remaining three phones did not suffer any damage. Portability and features Generally, smaller handsets received higher scores for portability, governed by the phone’s size and weight. But while smaller phones are easier to carry, they are not always easier to use and prospective buyers also need to consider keypad ease of use and screen readability.
The handsets were rated according to the number of features incorporated, including voice dialling, voice recording, number of ring tones, calendar functions, calculator, alarm, vibrating alarm, number of phone book spaces, speed dialling, keypad locking, SMS, 240-volt mains charger and connectivity to external antennas, car kits and computers. How features rated generally corresponded to cost with the most expensive handset, with the Kyocera 7135 (incorporating a personal diary assistant (PDA) and touch screens), rating the highest. But the least expensive handset tested, the Kyocera K112, was one of the lowest rated handsets for features. Another aspect which users will find handy is mobile telephone number portability, introduced during September 2001, which allows users to take their existing number to a different service provider or if changing from the GSM to CDMA networks. Index A buyer’s guide to mobile handsets
17
Simple steps to get the most out of phones 19 Boost reception with the correct antenna
20
Gadgets add final touch to performance
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Individual reports
24 15
Weight (g) Country of origin Warranty (months) Display type
800, 1900
800, 1900
$879
$549
800, 1900
800, 1900
800, 1900
800, 1900
800, 1900
800
800
110x49x24
120x49x23 86.5x47x24 129x46x24
108x49x22
91x59x26
89x50x24
$349
$1299
$979
91
118
188
97
90
117
88.2
128
99
122
98
Korea
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
Korea
Korea
Korea
Korea
Korea
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Colour
Black and
Colour LCD,
Black and
Black and
Colour
Black and
Black and
Colour
Colour
LCD,
white LCD,
Colour LCD,
backlit
white LCD,
white LCD,
LCD,
white LCD,
white LCD
LCD,
LCD,
blue
backlit1
green
blue
backlit1
green
green
backlit
backlit1
backlight
backlight
backlight
backlight
128x160 pixel
128x160 pixel
backlight
Display size
$499
Sa m SC sun H g A6 01 Sa ms SC u H ng A5 61
800, 1900
116x50x27 101x52x30 87.5x48x25
800 109x48x20
$170
No k 22 ia 80
$559
LG TD Elec 71 tro 30 nic s No k 63 ia 85
$1598
Ky o 22 cera 35
$469
Ky o 71 cera 35
$450
Ky o K1 cera 12
Dimensions (mm)
Ky o SE cera 47
CDMA bands
Ky o 32 cera 45
Price
Hy u TX nda 60 i B
TABLE 1 Specifications and features of CDMA mobile phones as evaluated by Kondinin Group
3 lines x 4 lines x 160x160 32 characters 50 characters pixel
128x128 pixel
3 lines x 3 lines x 120x160 4 lines x 4 lines x 32 characters 50 characters pixel 36 characters 36 characters
Battery life (calls)
35
35
27
46
33
41
32
34
30
60
35
Recharge time (minutes)
148
151
222
268
111
178
124
102
101
230
150
None
Command shortcuts, dialling, voice memo
None
Command shortcuts, dialling, voice memo
None
Dialling, voice memo
Dialling, voice memo
Features Voice functions
Ring tones
Dialling
Polyphonic
Standard
Standard
Polyphonic
Standard
Standard
Polyphonic
Polyphonic
300
200
200+
200
100+
500
1000
500
250
250
250
Short messaging service (SMS)
Multimedia messaging service (MMS)
Wireless access protocol (WAP)
CDMA 1x
Vibrating alert
Calendar
Phonebook memories
Polyphonic
Dialling, Dialling, Dialling, voice voice voice memo, memo, memo, inbuilt inbuilt inbuilt hands-free hands-free hands-free Polyphonic Polyphonic
1. The handsets also have a small external LCD which can be viewed without the need to open the handset to see caller identification, time, signal and battery indicators.
87%
82%
Ac c co ess m ory pa tib ilit y1
Fe at ur es
Po rta bi lit y
Du ra bi lit y
qu al ity So un d
of us e Ea se
Co v se era ns ge iti vit y
TABLE 2 Ratings of CDMA mobile phones as evaluated by Kondinin Group
Hyundai TX60B
73%
76%
78%
90%
85%
Kyocera 3245
85%
83%
84%
100%
68%
79%
100%
Kyocera 7135
74%
84%
86%
90%
75%
97%
50%
Kyocera SE47
77%
78%
84%
90%
90%
78%
75%
Kyocera K112
84%
83%
84%
100%
87%
75%
40%
Kyocera 2235
88%
78%
69%
90%
79%
70%
100%
LG Electronics TD7130
74%
73%
73%
90%
90%
88%
50%
Nokia 6385
84%
89%
83%
90%
75%
84%
100%
Nokia 2280
90%
80%
76%
100%
88%
77%
75%
Samsung SCH A601
76%
80%
81%
90%
86%
86%
40%
Samsung SCH A561
76%
72%
77%
90%
90%
81%
75%
1. Handset accessory ratings are current at the time of printing. Additional accessories could become available via original manufacturers or aftermarket accessory manufacturers.
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A buyer’s guide to CDMA handsets B
efore buying a CDMA mobile phone, individuals need to consider their requirements carefully. Handsets cost $170–$1600 with the additional cost generally attributed to extra features. But some features such as cameras and multimedia messaging service (MMS) capability are not always required and these are areas where savings can be made. Ease of use With shrinking phone sizes, buttons can become too small to use effectively, so when looking for a mobile phone ensure the buttons can be used easily. Smaller phones also mean smaller displays, packed with more information. As a result, text size can be small and difficult to read. Also test the phone for everyday operations such as sending and receiving a call, storing phone numbers and accessing voice mail. Coverage and sound quality Kondinin Group tested mobile phone signal sensitivity and coverage (see Table 2), which can be used as a guide when buying a phone. Higher scores indicate more sensitivity to signals and reflect a better transmission range from mobile base stations. Sound quality is important if using the phone in noisy environments such as around machinery. Test the phone for sound quality simply by making a quick call. Battery life If considerable time is spent talking on the phone or between battery charging, look carefully at the battery capacity of the handset. Most manufacturers provide ‘talk time’ capacity and ‘standby’ times. If standard batteries have insufficient capacity for requirements consider a second battery and its cost. Accessory batteries could provide additional capacity — a higher milliampere hours (MAh) number indicates higher capacity. Screen display Screens and displays vary and can add significantly to the cost of a handset. Colour liquid crystal display (LCD) screens are common but are of limited benefit unless the user wants to send and receive picture or video messages (MMS) or view colour content using the mobile internet on wireless access protocol (WAP)-enabled handsets. Sending messages Text messaging via the short messaging service (SMS) is a popular and inexpensive FA R M I N G A H E A D
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When buying a CDMA handset, be sure the handset is easy to use and check accessory compatibility and costs. The test panel looked at each of the phone handsets for ease of use, sound quality and features.
way of sending and receiving messages to an individual or to multiple recipients at one time (SMS broadcast). While most new CDMA handsets can send and receive SMS messages, only some handsets have SMS broadcasting. For faster text messaging, look for predictive text input. SMS phones can be used to perform switching operations and monitoring, for example, for monitoring pumps on the farm. The enhanced message service (EMS) and MMS messaging enables users to send and receive pictures and video with their text messages. EMS messages contain line graphics while MMS messages contain photographs or video and more complicated graphics. Phones with cameras and MMS messaging could be useful in situations where specialist assistance is required such as machinery service or animal health care. Going hi-tech Consider the capability of the handset for various functions. For example, WAPenabled handsets allow the user to view the mobile internet for information including weather, sport, news and other information. The intended lifespan of the phone will also play a part in deciding which features are required. If high-speed data access for downloading emails or surfing the internet will be needed, a CDMA 1x-enabled handset could be worthwhile. CDMA 1x, also known as CDMA 1xRTT, phones can transmit data at speeds of up to 140 kilobits per second (kbps). For comparison, the fastest dial-up modems run at 56kbps. But CDMA 1x coverage is not the same as standard CDMA coverage and while it is
expanding, it is only available in urban areas. Check with the service provider for coverage areas. Hands-free operation Voice-activated functions can include dialling, menu selection and voice memos,
This space is deliberately blank
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Simply extending the phone’s internal antenna can improve reception by moving the antenna away from the user’s head, which can obstruct the signal between the handset and the mobile base station.
All CDMA mobile phones tested used lithium ion batteries, which do not require regular discharging and last longer with regular partial charges. Typically, these batteries last for 300–500 charges.
Mobile phone handsets do not tolerate moisture well and fine circuitry can be corroded easily. Corrosion can cause the handset to malfunction or stop operating altogether.
which leaves hands free for driving or operating machinery. Some handsets have inbuilt hands-free operation. Vibrating alerts are useful in noisy environments or when wearing hearing protection. If the handset is stored in the user’s pocket, the vibrating alert can be felt.
Those little extras
when the phone rings from incoming calls as opposed to standard ring tones that only sound one tone at a time. Some phones allow users to download additional ring tones. Clock, alarm and calendar functions can be useful for organising and storing information such as task reminders or storing crop records.
Look for a phone with sufficient memory capacity (the number of names and contact details the phone can store). Optional memory expansion cards in some phones can increase the handset’s storage capacity. Polyphonic ring tones play music-style tones
Glossary Band width
The maximum speed services can be delivered via a communications link.
Base station
A remote transmitter and receiver used to handle incoming and outgoing calls from the network to the mobile handset.
Bluetooth
Technology allowing data transfer between computers, printers and phone handsets via low-powered radio transmission.
Caller display
A feature on mobile phone handsets and home phones that displays the number of the incoming caller on a screen.
CDMA
Code division multiple access is a digital mobile phone system with a wider signal range than the global standards for mobile communications (GSM) system. CDMA operates by digitising voice, breaking it up and coding each bit. CDMA operates on two frequencies — 800 and 1900 megahertz.
CMDA 1x
Also known as CDMA 1xRTT, it delivers integrated voice and high-speed data transmissions of up to 140 kilobits per second.
Coverage
The area where a mobile handset can be used by connecting through a base station.
Decibels
A logarithmic unit (dB) that means an increase of 3dB is like doubling the ‘strength’ of the sound.
EMS
The enhanced message service (EMS) allows phone users to send and receive text, simple pictures and sounds.
GPRS
General packet radio service. A method of data transfer over the GSM network with speeds of up to 140 kilobits per second.
GSM
Global standards for mobile communications is a digital mobile phone system operating on three frequency bands, 900Mhz, 1800Mhz and 1900Mhz. The GSM network was launched in Australia during 1993.
Hands-free car kit
Generally vehicle-mounted and includes a cradle for the handset, an inbuilt charger, external antenna, a microphone and speaker.
Inbuilt hands-free
Some mobile handsets can be used without holding the handset. Instead, a loudspeaker and a sensitive microphone allows the phone to be used on or near the operator.
kbps
This stands for kilobits per second, which is the rate data is transferred, often referred to as the ‘speed’ of data transfer.
Lithium ion
A type of battery commonly used in phones. Lithium ion batteries provide more energy capacity than nickel metal hydride batteries of the same physical properties.
mAh
Milliampere hour, a measure of a battery power capacity.
MHz
Megahertz, a unit of electromagnetic wave frequency. One megahertz equals one million cycles every second.
MMS
Multimedia messaging service allows users to send full colour pictures, video clips and sounds with text messages.
Patch lead
An adaptor lead connecting the phone to an external antenna.
Personal hands-free
An earphone and microphone that plugs into a mobile handset, allowing users to operate the handset without holding it to the ear.
SIM
Subscriber identity modules are the smart-card used in mobile handsets to store phone numbers, address book and received SMS messages. The SIM also stores the handset identity, allowing the user to make and receive calls on the network.
SMS
The short messaging service sends and receives text messages of up to 160 characters between handsets over the mobile network.
Third generation (3G) Wireless communications operating at very high data transfer rates and capable of delivering sophisticated features including internet access and video conferencing style communications with audio. WAP
Wireless access protocol allows users to access simplified internet-style content from their mobile phone. Later versions of WAP allow the use of XHTML, which supports full colour and is more like typical internet browsing.
XHTML
Extended hyper text mark-up language. Browsers with XHTML function allow CDMA handset operators to view internet content written in XHTML using WAP.
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Seven steps to get the most out of phones M
obile phone users can maximise the performance and longevity of their phone by following a few simple guidelines. The first step is understanding the limits and operational characteristics of CDMA mobile phones. CDMA mobile phones operate differently to their GSM cousins as they move away from the mobile base station. GSM phones gradually degrade in call quality to a point where the signal drops out, which warns the user that signal strength is diminishing. But CDMA phones ‘hold’ the signal longer with less apparent call quality degradation before cutting out. This means there is better call quality at the extremities of the coverage area but reception will be non-existent on the outer boundary of the coverage area (see Figure 2). Antenna range An antenna increases the range of any mobile phone significantly. If the handset has a retractable antenna, simply extending it will improve reception. Alternatively, using a patch lead and antenna will extend mobile service range. A patch lead can be used in vehicles, sheds or homes where the metal vehicle body or the building structure could impede signals. The patch lead prevents signal degradation by enabling the antenna to be mounted outside the vehicle or building. For people who rely on a mobile phone as their primary contact and live in a marginal signal area, it is worthwhile having a permanent patch lead and antenna mounted on the house roof. Being able to connect the lead to where the handset is recharged is also beneficial. As with all non-genuine accessories, using such parts is at the owner’s risk and the handset manufacturer will not approve non-genuine accessories. Handsets and moisture Mobile phone handsets do not respond well to moisture. Moisture ingress describes a handset that has had its internal circuit boards exposed to moisture. Moisture corrodes circuit components and wiring and it happens quickly — before a handset can be opened and dried, substantial damage already could have occurred. Circuit corrosion can cause the handset to malfunction or to stop working altogether. Battery maintenance All the CDMA mobile phones tested by Kondinin Group used lithium ion rechargeable batteries. FA R M I N G A H E A D
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every 30 recharge intervals. This allows the fuel gauge time to recalibrate and display the correct charge level.
Patch leads (bottom) of various forms are available for some CDMA phone handsets. The leads allow handsets to be connected to an external antenna.
Unlike some older types of rechargeable battery, lithium ion batteries will last longer with a partial charge rather than a full discharge. This means it is not necessary to run handset batteries flat before recharging as it actually reduces battery life. Typically, lithium ion batteries can be charged and used 300–500 times. There is no ‘memory’ build-up risk if recharging the battery at ad hoc intervals but most handset batteries have a ‘fuel gauge’ which can become confused by short discharges and recharges. If operating the phone on short use and recharge times, fully discharge the battery at FIGURE 2 CDMA signal strength Call quality
CDMA
GSM
Drop off
Distance from base station As the distance from the base station increases, signal strength decreases. CDMA phones ‘hold’ the signal longer but then ‘drop off’ sharply. GSM phones drop off gradually and this reduced sound quality warns users the signal strength is becoming low. Source: Kondinin Group.
A short lifespan But lithium ion batteries only have a 2–3year lifespan, which starts at the time of manufacture, so always check the manufacture date when buying a replacement or second battery as batteries sitting on a supplier’s shelf for too long could be faulty due to oxidation of the battery cell. Heat also reduces battery life, particularly when the battery is at full charge. Take care when leaving mobile phones in a vehicle as the temperatures inside a car can reach more than 50 degrees Celsius on sunny days. According to industry experts, transmission signal power output levels for some handset models may change depending on the charge level of the battery. As the battery power level remaining in some handsets decreases, transmission signal power output also decreases, resulting in less coverage sensitivity. Phone boosters CDMA phone boosters are illegal in Australia and carry a $250,000 fine. The problem with boosters is they ‘drown out’ all of the other users on the network. People wanting to improve their service range will have to wait until 2005 when specially designed approved boosters that provide additional service range without disrupting other users will be available in Australia. Installing car kits Fitting car kits in vehicles is a safe solution to using phones while driving. Installation is simple and requires a 12-volt power supply and a suitable mounting position for the external speaker, handset cradle and antenna. Some kits could require coaxial cable and coaxial stripping tools for installation. Most car kit suppliers will install the unit for less than $100. Using accessories Accessories are available from mobile phone manufacturers and aftermarket suppliers. But buyers need to be aware that using some aftermarket accessories could void the original phone warranty although if the non-genuine accessory has caused the fault, in most cases the aftermarket manufacturer will assume the warranty and have the handset repaired or replaced. Always ensure aftermarket accessories are under warranty and check if the manufacturer will carry the phone warranty if required. 19
Boost reception with the correct antenna U
nderstanding the performance characteristics of different antenna types, their correct placement and fitting will help maximise their effectiveness. Kondinin Group tests found using a patch lead with a six-decibel antenna improved reception areas by an average of 40 per cent. Because antenna performance differs significantly between models, it is important to match an antenna with individual requirements. Ensure the antenna is compatible with CDMA phones as they can differ from units suited to GSM phones, although some antenna manufacturers now make dual-purpose antennas. Gain selection Selecting an antenna with the correct gain is also important. Gain — usually referred to in decibels (dB) — is a measure of how well the signal is radiated and how far it can send and receive messages. Increasing the gain on antenna effectively flattens the radiating pattern of the antenna by narrowing the vertical antenna pattern and pushing the signal outward. This broadens the radiating signal, meaning the antenna
FIGURE 3 Increasing antenna gain
6dB gain 0dB (unity gain)
Higher gain antennas are more suited to flat terrain where reception will be extended.
Lower gain antennas are more suited for hilly terrain where reception will reach over obstacles.
Source: Kondinin Group.
Source: Kondinin Group.
has a better range in the horizontal plane (see Figure 3). Improved signal reception High-gain antennas are ideally suited to wide, flat areas where the flattening of the
FIGURE 5 Where to position antennas for best signal reception
Rooftop aerial view
Roof mount
Bullbar — front mount
Weak signal
Aerial view of vehicle Mount antennas where they are least likely to have signal blockages. Source: Kondinin Group.
20
FIGURE 4 Unity gain antennas
radiating pattern increases the range of the phone. A typical high-gain antenna would be 6dB gain. But in mountainous terrain and in the city, flattening the signal can mean the signal could skip over the top of the mobile base station (see Figure 3). In these situations, a lower gain or unity gain (antennas with no gain and a rounded radiating pattern) antenna would be best (see Figure 4). Interchangeable antennas Some antenna manufacturers supply interchangeable antennas, allowing the user to select the antenna to suit the operating environment. Higher gain antennas are usually longer and are more expensive than low-gain or unity gain antennas. Mounting the antenna When mounting a CDMA mobile phone antenna on a building roof or vehicle, consider carefully the mounting position in relation to obstacles that could affect the signal. Leave a clear path from the antenna mounting position to the mounting point to avoid signal blocking and reduced antenna performance. On buildings, place the antenna at the highest point on the roof (see Figure 5). The same applies for vehicles where roof mounting is recommended (see Figure 5). Avoid mounting the antenna on vehicle bullbars or bonnets as the cabin can interfere with the radiating pattern of the antenna, leaving a poor signal area to the rear of the vehicle. FA R M I N G A H E A D
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Gadgets add final touch to phone performance A
range of accessories is available for CDMA mobile phones including external antennas, car kits, chargers and data cables. Accessory compatibility If some equipment is to be used concurrently, first check the handset and accessories are capable of doing so. For example, it could be necessary to use a 12-volt charger in the car in conjunction with a patch lead. If combinations of accessories are required, ensure they are compatible and that they can be used simultaneously. Some multifunction accessories could be offered by manufacturers or after-market suppliers. Some phones are supplied with accessories including data cables and personal hands-free units (see Tables 3 and 4). External antennas External antennas provide superior range when operating in an enclosure such as a car or house.
The panel felt the photograph quality was low on handsets with cameras and not sufficient as a replacement for a digital camera. This photo was taken using the Samsung SCH A601 handset.
Look for phones capable of attaching a ‘patch lead’ or car kit. A patch lead connects the phone to an external antenna, which is useful if the phone is being operated in a fringe coverage area, indoors or in a vehicle. Car kits are a more expensive option but offer hands-free operation. Chargers All CDMA phones feature rechargeable batteries, which require recharging every few days, depending on how long they are switched on and the number of calls made. All handsets are supplied with a mains charger but additional chargers for the workshop or if travelling could be useful. Plug-in chargers are the most popular type but a desktop charging station can be available, depending on the brand. Some desktop chargers also charge spare batteries without being attached to the handset. Smaller 12-volt chargers for vehicles allow the user to recharge the handset while driving or when operating machinery with 12V outlets. Hands-free operation A handy accessory is hands-free operation, which allows users to talk on the phone without holding the handset. Personal hands-free units have an external earphone and microphone that is plugged into the phone. Some units have a call start–stop button built into the microphone housing so calls can be answered without picking up the handset.
Installing a fixed car kit is worthwhile if the mobile is used in the same vehicle regularly. Fixed car kits cost about $300 (plus an installation fee if required).
Full car kits also offer hands-free operation. While these are fixed units and not transported between vehicles easily, full car kits can be wired to mute radios for incoming calls and have a separate loudspeaker and microphone. Most car kits are phone-specific meaning they only support some types of handsets. If several people use the same vehicle, consider buying phones that are compatible with the one car kit handset cradle. Portable car kits generally plug directly into a 12V cigarette lighter outlet in a vehicle, making them more easily transportable. But be aware that portable kits usually do not have a connection to an external antenna and so require a patch lead if additional coverage is needed.
TABLE 3 What is in the box Hyundai TX60B
Kyocera 3245
Kyocera 7135
Kyocera SE47
Kyocera K112
Handset with battery
Operator’s manual
Spare battery supplied
Data cable supplied
Software supplied
Plug-in charger
Desktop charger
1
1
1
Lanyard
Belt clip, battery cover
Belt clip
—
—
Personal hands-free Other
1. Hands-free operation is built in to the handsets.
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TABLE 4 Price list for accessories Make
Model
Genuine or non-genuine
Patch lead
Hyundai
TX60B TX60B
Genuine Non-genuine
$35
Kyocera
3245 3245 7135 SE47 SE47 K112 2235 2235
Genuine Non-genuine Genuine3 Genuine Non-genuine Genuine3 Genuine Non-genuine
$90
TD7130
Genuine3
6385 6385 2280 2280
Genuine Non-genuine Genuine Non-genuine
$20
SCH A601 SCH A561 SCH A561
Genuine3 Genuine Non-genuine
LG Electronics Nokia
Samsung
$20
Personal hands-free Hands-free car kit $451
$299
Replacement battery
240-volt charger
Data cable
1
$25 $299 $69 $351 $15 $20 $1392 $99 $351 $25 $1293 $69 $351 Pack containing personal hands-free, handset case and 12V car charger for $34.95. $24.95 $291 $299 $89 $351 $15.00 $45 $35
$99 $791 $99 $69
None available at the time of printing. Car kits will not be available. $37 $15 $37 $20
$270 $320 $693
$351 $35 $351 $30
$75 $45 $89
$199 $146
$301 $295 1 $391 $301 $290 $691 $391 Pack containing personal hands-free, handset case and 12V car charger for $34.95.
1 $69
1. Items are supplied with the phone purchase. 2. Non-genuine accessories were unavailable at the time of printing. 3. Portable hands-free car kit. Accessory was unavailable at the time of printing. Confirm availability and prices with the supplier. Source: Kondinin Group.
Data cables Some CDMA phones can be connected to personal diary assistants (PDA) laptops or personal computers using data cables. The cables plug into the phone handset and the computer serial or USB port, enabling email and the internet to be accessed from anywhere within the CDMA coverage area. Cases, covers and gadgets Aftermarket cases are available to protect almost all handsets but before buying, check
the case does not need to be removed when the phone is charged or placed into a car kit. Some handsets have interchangeable covers that are relatively inexpensive. This cosmetic difference can be useful to avoid confusion if several family members have the same model phone. Camera features Cameras were standard on the Samsung SCH A601 and LG TD7130 handsets tested but photo quality was average at best.
People considering the more expensive handset with an inbuilt camera instead of buying a digital camera and phone separately need to be aware the photo quality is low on phone cameras and would not be sufficient as a replacement for a camera. The highest resolution available was on the Samsung unit with 640 x 480 pixels (0.3 megapixels) and photo quality was average (see photograph opposite), while the LG handset could only take a 320 x 240 (0.07 megapixels) photo and was considered poor quality.
Kyocera 2235
LG Electronics TD7130
Nokia 6385
Nokia 2280
Samsung SCH A601
Samsung SCH A561
—
Plug-in camera, lanyard
—
—
Separate spare battery charger
Separate spare battery charger
Source: Kondinin Group.
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How CDMA handsets stacked up A panel of farmers evaluated each of the 11 CDMA mobile phones, highlighting what they considered to be the best and worst features of each. Hyundai TX60B — $450
Kyocera 3245 — $469
T
T
he panel was impressed with the small size and features of this handset but found the screen difficult to read when the liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight was dimmed.
he Kyocera 3245 model has a clear, easy-to-read screen, raised keypad and inbuilt hands-free operation, all of which the panel praised. But as with most handsets using a toggle pad, some panel members found it difficult to navigate the unconventional left to right menu layout. While panellists regarded highly the handset’s solid construction, this also resulted in a low portability rating. The panel also praised the availability of all accessories for this handset.
The dimming timer could be adjusted to five, 10 and 30 seconds. Alternatively, the timer could be left on constantly but the panel felt this would reduce battery life.
Best features • Small size (109 millimetres x 48mm x 20mm, weighing 91 grams).
Best features • Solid construction. • Screen readability and clarity. • Inbuilt hands-free operation.
• Colour screen. • Shape and ergonomics.
Worst features • The screen is difficult to read when dimmed.
Worst features • Menu layout is difficult to navigate. • Toggle pad is difficult to use. • Lowest portability rating of all handsets tested.
• Some menu selections are confusing with busy background graphics. • Toggle pad is difficult to use.
Kyocera 7135 — $1598
A
s the largest and heaviest handset tested, the Kyocera 7135 performed remarkably well in portability ratings, due possibly to the panel accounting for the handset features. The large LCD screen was a hit with the panel who found it clear and easy to read. The inbuilt personal diary assistant (PDA) with handwriting recognition also impressed the panel but some found the ‘OK’ button in the centre of the toggle pad difficult to use. The panel also felt the flush-mounted keypad and the lack of car kit were shortcomings.
Best features • Features including PDA functions. • Large, easy-to-read screen. • External LCD display. Worst features • No car kit available. • One-handed operation is difficult due to size and weight (101mm x 52mm x 30mm, 188g). • Flush keypad is difficult to use.
Kyocera SE47 — $559
T
his CDMA mobile phone impressed the Kondinin Group test panel due to its small size and light weight. But the small keypad and flush-mounted keys were criticised. As one of the three Kyocera units tested with inbuilt hands-free operation, panel members nominated this as one of the handset’s best features.
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Best features • Small size (87.5mm x 48mm x 25mm). • Inbuilt hands-free operation. • Lightweight (97g). Worst features • Keypad is difficult to use. • Handset cover needs to be open to make calls or access features. • Small toggle is difficult to use. FA R M I N G A H E A D
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Kyocera K112 — $170
Kyocera 2235 — $499
T
he panel praised this unit, the least expensive handset tested, for its simple design, small size and value for money. But the small size compromised some features including screen readability due to the reduced text size and keypad ease of use. In terms of value for money, this handset rates highly.
P
anel members praised this handset as solidly built and simple to use with the raised rubber buttons easy to press and the screen clear to read. Sensitivity testing also showed the handset performed well, ranking second to the Nokia 2280 for transmission range. But panel members felt that as one of the older handsets on the market, this phone did not represent as good value for money as some of the latest models.
Best features • Simple design and operation. • Small size (110mm x 49mm x 24mm, weighing 90g). • Value for money.
Best features • Solid ‘feel’ of handset. • Ease of use. • High transmission range.
Worst features • Small screen is difficult to use. • No side of handset volume adjustment. • Toggle is difficult to use.
Worst features • Menu layout. • Heavy handset (117g). • Value for money.
This space is deliberately blank
LG Electronics TD7130 — $879 The panel rated its small size and portability as the unit’s best features. Panel members also were impressed with the distinctive ring tones supplied with the handset but said the flat keys on the flush keypad were difficult to feel and use. The handset is supplied with a plug-in camera which some panel members felt looked like an afterthought. Kondinin Group engineers also criticised the poor quality of photographs taken using the unit.
Best features • Small and portable. • Large LCD screen shows numbers clearly. • Connectivity to computer.
W
eighing just 88.2 grams and measuring 86.5 millimetres x 47mm x 24mm the LG TD7130 was the smallest CDMA mobile phone tested and scored the equal highest rating for portability. FA R M I N G A H E A D
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Worst features • Flush keypad is difficult to use. • Car kits not available. • Poor-quality camera. 25
Nokia 6385 — $549
Nokia 2280 — $349
Samsung SCH A561 — $979
P
T
A
Best features • Simple handset. • Accessory connection terminals. • Menu layout is easy to use.
Best features • Best coverage sensitivity performance for handsets tested. • Flush-mounted antenna. • Handset is solid and durable.
Best features • Large, easy-to-read colour LCD screen. • Portability. • Saving numbers is simple.
Worst features • Large handset size (129mm x 46mm x 24mm). • Weight (128g). • Volume button is poorly located.
Worst features • No patch lead provided. • Power on–off button can be difficult to operate. • Bulkier than other handsets.
Worst features • Shape and ergonomics for larger hands. • Distracting background graphics and transitions. • Keypad is difficult to use.
anel members praised the simplicity and ease of use of the Nokia 6385 but felt the handset was too large in comparison to the other handsets tested The panel also noted that both Nokia models featured external electrical contact points for accessory connections rather than plugs. Plug connections often require a small rubber protector plug to be removed before inserting the plug into the body of the phone.
he Nokia 2280 model provided the best coverage sensitivity of all of the handsets tested. Panel members also found the handset easy to use and praised the simplicity of the menu layout and the flushmounted antenna. But the unusual keypad layout grouping of numbers into threes drew mixed reactions from the panel. The panel criticised the lack of a patch lead plug.
Samsung SCH A601 — $1299
About the author The inbuilt camera also impressed panel members who commented on the superior quality of photographs over the LG TD7130 handset. Some panel members found the background graphics distracting when navigating menu items. Panellists also again voiced their dislike of flat keypads.
Best features • Large, easy-to-read colour LCD screen. • Inbuilt camera. • Hands-free operation. • Sound quality.
T
he panel praised the colour LCD on the Samsung SCH A601 with its large display of numbers and screen clarity.
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s a sister to Samsung’s SCH A601 model, the SCH A561 has many similar features with an easy-to-read screen also featuring the large number display. Panel members with large hands found this handset more difficult to use due to the rounded corners and shoulder leading down to the top of the keypad. The flush-mounted keys were criticised. Some panel members commented on the menu transitions which looked elaborate but took time to move.
Worst features • Flat keypad is difficult to use. • Cost. • Graphics can be distracting.
Ben White is with Kondinin Group’s research team.
Email:
[email protected]
Acknowledgements Kondinin Overview Group members Peter Thompson and Stuart Mitchell; panellists Marissa Bertello, Jill Pattinson, Erin White, Tim Vantricht, Bob and Nikki Manktelow, Richard Sulman, Toowoomba, Queensland; Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC); Australian Consumers Association; Telstra Countrywide; Forbes Batteries, Toowoomba, Queensland; Australian Communications Authority; Commonwealth Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts; imobile.com.au, Crows Nest, New South Wales; Cadex Electronics, Canada; and RFI antennas, North Rocks, NSW.
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