The Climate Of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station University Of Arizona, Tucson Bulletin 197

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Bulletin 197 July, 1945 THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA Agricultural Experiment Station University of Arizona, Tucson ORGANIZATION BOARD OF REGENTS Stormy P. OSBORN (ex officio) E. D. RrNc, BA. (ex officio) Governor of Arizona State Superintendent of Public Instruction Winslow FLORENCE E. BECK, D.C., N.D Phoenix Tempe Phoenix M. O. BEST, President MRS. GARPIKLD A. GOODWIN LYNN M. LANEY, B.S., J.D JACK B, MARTIN, Secretary _Tucson WILLIAM W. STEVENSON, BA _ Phoenix Tucson Mss. Jostpa MADISON GREER, B.A CLARENCE E. HOUSTON, LLB., MA., Treasurer Mesa- W. R.. ELLSWORTH_ SAM H. MORRIS, A 13 ,, J D - , CLEON T. KNAPP, r.T B __ ...... _Flagstaff . ' JOHN M. Scorr President ALFRED ATKINSON, D.Sc EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF Globe Tucson Showlow of the University Director PAUL S. BURGESS, Ph.D... Vice-Director RALPH S. HAWKINS, Ph.D DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY AND SOILS WILLIAM T. MCGEORGE, M S TRE0PHIL F. BUBERER, PhD_ HowARD V. SMITH, M.S GEORGE E. DRAPER, MS ALFRED B. CASTER, Ph.D Agricultural Chemist Physical Chemist Associate Agricultural Chemist Assistant Agricultural Chemist (Phoenix) Associate Agricultural Chemist ........... TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 3 THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 3 TEMPERATURE 4 LENGTH OF GROWING SEASON 10 PRECIPITATION 11 PRECIPITATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 15 PRECIPITATION FOR 222 ARIZONA STATIONS 15 RAINFALL INTENSITY RECORDS 18 SNOWFALL 20 21 RELATIVE HUMIDITY 22 24 SUNSHINE WIND :. 25 EVAPORATION CLIMATE AND AGRICULTURE 26 28 29 IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE 30 CLIMATE AND COMFORT CLIMATE AND HEALTH ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE 1.- MONTHLY MEAN MAXIMUM, MEAN MINIMUM, AND MEAN TEMPERATURES FOR YUMA AND FLAGSTAFF FIGURE 2.- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEAN TEMPERATURES AND ELEVATION 3. -MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURES OF FOREIGN, UNITED STATES, AND ARIZONA CITIES FIGURE 4.- MONTHLY TEMPERATURE RANGES AND NORMAL PRECIPITATION FOR ARIZONA FIGURE 5.- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELEVATION AND LENGTH OF GROWING SEASON FIGURE 6.- CORRELATION BETWEEN RAINFALL AND ELEVATIONS UP TO ALTITUDES OF 3,000 FEET FIGURE 7. -MEAN MONTHLY PRECIPITATION FOR ARIZONA FIGURE 8.- PHOENIX MAXIMUM WIND VELOCITY COMPARED WITH PRECIPITATION FIGURE 9.- MONTHLY PRECIPITATION, UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, 5 7 FIGURE 1875 - 1944 8 9 10 12 13 14 16 FIGURE 10. -MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, 1875 - 1944 FIGURE 11.- NORMAL PRECIPITATION FOR ARIZONA FIGURE 12.- SUNSHINE IN THE UNITED STATES FIGURE 13.- COMFORT CHART FOR VARYING CONDITIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY FIGURE 14. -MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURES FOR ARIZONA STATIONS 18 19 23 27 31 THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA BY H. V. SMITH INTRODUCTION The unique position which Arizona holds as an agricultural state as well as an all -year playground and an unsurpassed health resort can be attributed largely to its climate. The state lies between the Rocky Mountain Divide and the Sierra Nevada Divide and possesses an interior of mountain ranges, intermountain plains, plateaus, and deserts. Broadly speaking, the southern part of the state lies in the Basin and Range province of the arid Southwest and the northern part in the Colorado Plateau province. Actually parts of the state occupy several different climatic zones. In latitude the state lies between 31 degrees 20 minutes and 37 degrees while at its widest point its longitude is between 109 degrees 03 minutes and 114 degrees 50 minutes. It is approximately 330 miles wide at the Yuma latitude and 385 miles long, measured due north from Nogales. In elevation the range above sea level is from 110 feet, measured in the Yuma Valley, to 12,611 feet at the San Francisco Peaks north of Flagstaff. It is natural therefore to find a wide range of climate within the state. In early Territorial days, even before the U.S. Weather Bureau was established, weather records were kept at many of the army posts in Arizona. Some of the earliest systematic weather records in the state were begun in 1867 at Fort Lowell, which was then located near the city of Tucson. The U.S. Weather Bureau was established in 1890, and in 1891, when the University of Arizona was opened, a co- operative weather station was established which has been in continuous operation since that date. With the exception of Prescott's, the Tucson weather records are the oldest continuous ones in the state. In 1930 a compilation of weather records for Arizona was published as Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 130. At that time there were about ninety co- operative stations assisting the U.S. Weather Bureau in recording weather observations in the state. This bulletin reports figures ending in 1940 from more than 175 co- operative Arizona stations and values from over forty stations which have been established since that date. The large increase in the number of stations actively engaged in making daily weather observations is not only a measure of the development of the state but also a manifestation of the interest of the population in Arizona's climate. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA The principal factors which influence the climate of Arizona are latitude, altitude, interfering mountain ranges, and remoteness 3 4 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 from any large body of water. Rainfall is low and temperatures high, which result in an extremely low relative humidity. The small amounts of smoke, moisture, and clouds in the atmosphere allow the ready penetration of the heat of the sun to the earth and its equally rapid loss from the earth when the sun is not shining. As a result, temperature ranges between day and night (diurnal) are great. Located as it is in the subtropical region, long summers are the rule, but the seasonal rains in July check increases in temperature which might otherwise become excessive. TEMPERATURE Great extremes of temperature occur in Arizona. This condition is explained by the fact that the distance from the northern to the southern boundary is about 385 miles, but more particularly because of the wide differences in altitude found in the state. Arizona's weather observing stations are strategically located at various elevations from 110 feet in the Yuma Valley to 8,500 feet at Alpine. As a rule the highest temperatures occur in the relatively low lands bordering the lower Gila and lower Colorado River drainages. Low temperatures occur in the northern moun- tain and plateau country. There are areas which, during the summer months, report the maximum temperatures anywhere in the United States, while on the same day other areas within the state often report minimum temperatures for the nation. For example, the U.S. Weather Bureau report appearing in the July 23, 1944, issue of the Arizona Daily Star shows Yuma, due to its southern latitude and low altitude, with a maximum temperature of 106 degrees F. to be the warmest and Flagstaff, at a high altitude, with a minimum of 49 degrees F., to be the coolest place reported in the United States that day. Various parts of the state have their own particular climates. It is interesting to note (Fig. 1) that the mean minimum tempera- tures at Yuma are almost identical with the mean maximum temperatures at Flagstaff. This shows the wide diversity of temperatures possible within the state. Intermediate areas not reaching these temperature extremes have pleasant all -year- around climates. In this bulletin rather complete weather data are given for the University of Arizona weather station and averages for all other stations reported.' High and low temperatures recorded at the University of Arizona from 1892 through 1944 are given in Table 1. The average for the high temperatures in June is approximately 108 degrees and for the season 109 degrees, although many summers pass when these temperatures are not reached. On the other hand, tempera'The author is indebted to Mr. E. L. Felton, Chief of the U.S. Weather Bureau Office in Phoenix, for making U.S. Weather Bureau records available for publication in this bulletin. .r/ THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA Auv. Sot. Oct 100 80° 80° 70° 60° 6O° I0° Nov Dec. Tan 20' Mch Apr May J ne July Aug. 5ept Oct. Nov Dec. .- _ -, , '' , -',;...', _..,.,..' 9 l\`G,.. '' r'J', ,///H_p__ __\-_ ,?L \ TS.,`..,' _', ' ,,, , Iy C9GS T JO° fit, 5 PN 'MEP P' , ' \ \°\ . Ttmperotlir¢ Ronge: J n J ne 2Z.,° 3S47° F7agstaff: 24s° 33.7° Yumo: MONTHLY MEAN MAX /MU/'M MEAN M/N /MUM AND MEAN TEMPERATURES FOR YUMA ANO FLAGSTAFF Figure l.- Monthly mean maximum, mean minimum, and mean temperatures for Yuma and Flagstaff. tures of 110 or 111 degrees are not uncommon. The record maxi- mum of 112 degrees recorded at this station has been reached only three times since 1892 -once in June, 1902, again in June, 1936, and later in August, 1944. No summer has passed when a temperature of at least 105 degrees has not been reached. The high temperatures of July average slightly below those of June. January is the coldest month of the year, judged from the lowest temperature recorded at this station and by the average of the lowest temperatures for each month for the period 1892 -1944. The lowest temperature on record is 6 degrees F. This occurred in January, 1913. Other exceptionally low temperatures for Tucson have been 10, 11, and 14 degrees F., but their occurrence is the exception rather than the rule. Minimum temperatures of about 22 degrees are expected each December and January, but occasionally an entire winter may pass with recorded temperatures no lower than 28 degrees. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded and the average high and low temperatures at all Arizona weather stations are given in Table 2. The highest temperature ever reported in Arizona was recorded at Parker. This temperature of 127 degrees exceeds by 1 degree the highest temperatures recorded at Maricopa and Mohawk, and by 2 or 3 degrees the highest temperatures recorded at other stations in the lower Gila- Colorado River basin, and equals the highest temperature ever recorded at Fort Mohave. At least fifteen different stations have reported maximum temperatures of 120 degrees or higher. 6 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 The highest temperature ever recorded in the United States was 134 degrees at Greenland Ranch on the edge of Death Valley, Cali- fornia. The lowest temperature was -66 degrees recorded at Riverside Ranger Station, Yellowstone Park, in 1933. These temperatures' compare with the following world temperatures. The highest temperature ever recorded on the earth is 136 degrees at Azizia, Libya, North Africa, in 1922, and the lowest, -90 at Verkhaÿansk, Siberia, in 1892. Arizona's lowest recorded temperature is -33 degrees. As a matter of interest it might be mentioned that the lowest temperature encountered by Admiral Byrd in Little America was -78 degrees at the Bolling Advance Base on July 22, 1934. The estimated mean temperature at the South Pole, elevation 8,000 feet, is considerably below -22 degrees F. While records of highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded, or averages of each, are valuable in predicting future extreme temperatures, they do not give an indication of the average temperatures encountered at the station in question. This information is presented better by calculating the mean maximum and the mean minimum temperatures, or the average of the two, which is the mean temperature. The mean maximum or mean minimum temperatures are obtained by averaging the daily maximum or minimum temperatures for any desired period, such as a month or a year. Some of the earliest weather observations in the state were made in Tucson by the Signal Corps of the army. These observations were begun in 1875 and were continued in various locations in the business district' until the station moved to the University in 1891. Inasmuch as the early downtown Tucson temperatures appear to be about 2 degrees higher than those at the University, data for the two locations have not been combined. Early Tucson mean temperature data appear in Table 3 and similar data for the University of Arizona in Table 4. For a time (1917 -28) the Tucson Chamber of Commerce weather observations made in Armory Park, which is grassed and shaded with trees, averaged about 11/2 degrees cooler than those at the University, where the instrument shelter is in open semidesert surroundings. The mean maximum, mean minimum, and mean temperatures for 137 stations' in the state from the time of the beginning of the station through 1940 are given in Table 5. Similar data for thirty two stations, started after the 1940 averages were made, are in- cluded in a supplementary section of Table 5. These averages include the year 1944. Such short time averages, however, are not particularly stable because of the short period considered. 2U.S.D.A. Yearbook of Agriculture, 1941, Climate and man., p. 664. 'Begun November, 1875, Main and Congress Sts.; moved July 23, 1878, to Meyer and Congress Sts.; moved June 30, 1879, to Ott St. east of the Cosmopolitan Hotel; moved December 1, 1880, to the northwest corner of Court House Square; moved September, 1891, to the University of Arizona. `Data compiled from Bulletin W, U.S. Weather Bureau. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA ELEV.-FT. 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 O 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 MEAN TEMPERATURE - DEGREES F. Figure 2.- Relationship between mean temperature and elevation. Figure 2 shows the relationship between mean temperatures and elevation. At relatively low elevations (below 4,000 feet) an increase in altitude of 1,000 feet results in a decrease of 2 or 3 degrees in the mean temperature. A similar increase in elevation above 4,000 feet results in mean annual temperature lowering of between 4 and 7 degrees F. The layman usually considers Yuma as the warmest place in the state. This is not the case, however, for several locations between Gila Bend and Yuma have higher paean temperatures. The highest mean temperature reported for they state is 74.2 degrees F. at Mohawk. The lowest mean temperature, 41.6 degrees F., is reported from Bright Angel Ranger Station Mean annual temperatures of 42.7 and 42.8 degrees are reperted from Big Spring Ranger Station and Fort Valley, respectively. Undoubtedly there are both warmer and colder locations in the state which Mean annual temperatures of Foreign, U.S. and Arizona Cities Foreign U. S. Yucatan Khartum Key West °F 80 - Arizona 78 - 76 Miami 74 Rio de Janiero Hongkong Cairo Mohawk Brawley Tampa 72 - Galveston 70 - Aztec Gila Bend, Yuma Mormon Flats Wellton Phoenix, Parker 68 Lima Mobile Athens Ft. Worth Charleston Buenos Aires Mexico City 66 - Miami Los Angeles 62- Thatcher Nogales St. Louis 60- Nashvil le 58- Salt Lake Tokio San Francisco 56 Washington Kansas City London Berlin San Carlos, Benson 64- Constantinople Rome Sacaten Chandler University of Arizona Salome Tucson C. of C 54- Globe Douglas Lees- Ferry, Kingman Canule Jerome, Willcox Natural Bridge Ash fork Winslow Payson Seligman New York Seattle 52 5tJohn resco Denver 50- Chin Lee 48- Williams Springervil le . Snowflake Chicago Grand Canyon Heber Ft. Laramie 46Toronto Sitka Stockholm Flagstaff Minneapolis 44Butte Havre 42- Alpine Ft. Valley Bright Angel Ranger Station 40Leningrad Edmonton Glacier Park 3836 - 34 Winnipeg 32- U Figure 3. -Mean annual temperatures of foreign, United States, and Arizona cities. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 9 are not recognized because they are not located near a weather station. Temperature data for the University Experimental Farm at Mesa appear in Table 6. Figure 3 is a graph in the form of a thermometer showing the mean annual temperatures of foreign, United States, and Arizona cities. The wide range of mean - temperatures found in various parts of Arizona is thus clearly shown. Temperatures at other world cities also are available for comparison with them. Mean monthly and mean annual temperature data for fifteen representative United States cities appear in Table 7. The average daily temperature range at most Arizona stations is about 30 degrees F., although daily temperatures may vary as much as from 45 to 65 degrees F. This range is somewhat greater than in climates where conditions are less favorable for radiation of heat at night or locations near large bodies of water. An examination of Table 8 will reveal that the greatest temperature ranges are found in the higher altitudes where the air is rarefied and radiation is greater than in the lowlands. In Figure 4 the graphical presentation of temperature ranges by months for stations having mean annual temperatures above 55 degrees and those below 55 degrees shows the same tendency. In this graph a wider spread is found between day and night temperatures in May and June and in September and October, when the rainfall is lightest and the skies the clearest, than at any other time during the year. A reversed rainfall curve for the state has been placed on this curve to show the close relationship between daily temperature ranges and rainfall with its attendant clouds. fen Feh Al h. Apr. Rev June July Aua Seat Oct. Nov A, Js , Jo zs Lire. ,Ion Feh Mch e.. EaIiM al ;tee mm - Ell S ,..... Stations having mean annual temperatures above Sr Stations having mean annual temperatures below 6S ---Normal monthly precipitation (Beret-seal , e0 t l.s 2.0 Q MONTHLY TEMPERATURE RANGES AND NORMAL PRECIPITATION FOR AR /ZONA Figure 4.- Monthly temperature ranges and normal precipitation for Arizona. An examination of the United States temperature range data in Table 9 shows at once that cities in the Southwest have greater temperature ranges than those in other parts of the nation, and also that these temperature ranges are greater in summer than in winter. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 10 LENGTH OF GROWING SEASON Extremes of temperature found in Arizona which are frequently associated with elevation have already been discussed. As we have said, the highest mean temperature occurs at Mohawk (74.2 degrees F.) and the lowest at Bright Angel Ranger Station (41.6 degrees F.) . Associated with the high mean temperatures, are long growing seasons, and with low mean temperatures, short growing seasons. Table 10 is a compilation of the last killing frost in the spring, the first in the autumn, and the length of the growing season at the University of Arizona from 1890 to 1944, inclusive. Dates of the last killing frosts in the spring have varied from January 18, in 1893, to April 24, in 1942. In the fall, first killing frosts of the season have occurred from October 19, in 1908, to December 30, in 1890. The shortest growing season occurred in 1906. There were 202 consecutive frost -free days that year. In 1893, the longest growing season on record, there were 306 frost free days. On the average, however, the last frost in the spring may be expected to occur on March 16 and the first in the autumn on November 19, giving a growing season of 248 days. 350 300 250 zo 0 200 150 100 50 0 1 0 1000 2000 1 1 3000 4000 1 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 ELEVATION-FEET Figure 5.- Relationship between elevation and length of growing season. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 11 Table 11 was prepared to show the average dates of frosts in spring and autumn at all Arizona weather observing stations, and to give earliest and latest dates of frosts. In addition, the average length of the growing season is given. Alpine has the shortest growing season, with an average length of seventy -eight days. The growing season normally extends from June 24 to September 10; however, in some seasons the last frost in the spring has occurred as late as July 27, and the first frost in the fall as early as July 25. Bright Angel Ranger Station and Fort Valley have average growing seasons of ninety -six and ninety -five days, respectively. In contrast to the areas having short growing seasons are these at lower elevations where the growing seasons are long. At least ten stations report average growing seasons of three hundred days or more. The Yuma Citrus Station reports an average growing season of 326 days; Ajo, 332; and Mohawk, 333. During some years no frost occurs at these stations. A knowledge of probable frost dates can be used to advantage in planning planting dates for crops as well as in determining the suitability of crops for certain areas. Figure 5 shows the close relationship between elevation and length of growing season. Approximately thirty days are cut from the length of the growing season for each increase of 1,000 feet in elevation. Locally, differences in exposure may change this figure considerably. PRECIPITATION Arizona, because of its geographical location, is in a belt of low rainfall. The forty- nine -year average for the state is 14 inches, which is close to the mean of the lowest and highest rainfall recorded at any Arizona station. Before any extensive development of the state was begun it was popularly supposed that most of Arizona was a part of the "Great American Desert." Actually only relatively small parts of the state may be considered as typically desert. In the southwestern part the Sonoran Desert is found, while in the northeastern part is Arizona's famous Painted Desert. Annual precipitation varies directly with elevation above sea level in the western and southern parts of the state, but does not follow this general pattern quite so closely in the northern part. In most instances the distribution of precipitation depends somewhat upon the location with relation to the prevailing direction of the winds. A topographic map of the state, with few changes, might be used as a rainfall map. Arizona, with an elevation of slightly more than 100 feet at Yuma, rises steplike, in a northeasterly direction to Greer, the highest weather observing station in the state, where the elevation is 8,500 feet. This heavier precipitation on the mountains is often of great economic significance, inasmuch as it promotes the growth of plants used for grazing purposes and trees for timber, and also furnishes some runoff into irrigation EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 12 reservoirs. The rainfall of the Salt River watershed receives between 15 and 20 inches of water annually, whereas the area in the Salt River Valley irrigated by this water receives less than half this amount. Figure 6 shows a rather good correlation between rainfall and elevations up to altitudes of 3,000 feet. Above this level the correlation is less definite because of the presence of mountain ranges or peaks which may cause either a local increase or decrease in the precipitation. ELEV.- FT. 6000 7000 t 6000 5000 4000 3000 s. 2000 r 1000 "1 0 O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 PRECIPITATION- INCHES Figure 6.- Correlation between rainfall and elevation at all Arizona stations. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 13 3.5 MEAN PRECIPITATION -ARIZONA 3.0 MEAN PRECIPITATION- UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA W 2.5 U Z 2.0 2 i O 0.5 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT OCT. NOV DEC Figure 7. -Mean monthly precipitation for Arizona. The rainfall distribution graph for Arizona (Fig. 7) shows two distinct rainy seasons, the more important in July, August, and September when approximately 43 per cent of the entire year's rainfall occurs. The second period, December to March, is one of longer duration but it furnishes less water, as only 35 per cent of the year's rainfall occurs during these four months. The winter rains, according to Cooperrider,' are the ones which furnish runoff to the reservoirs. Summer rains are of a spontaneous nature, are short -lived, and are often accompanied by wind, thunder, and lightning. These showers are generally caused by solar heating and the forced flow of moisture -laden air over elevated regions. Greening' states: The water vapor necessary for these showers is transported by the deep southeasterly wind current forming the western part of the large anti- cyclonic eddies found aloft in summer over the southern United States and adjacent regions. The winter precipitation is less of the showery type and results largely from activity in the Pacific Polar front, which in winter is at times found as far south as 35 degrees N. Winter rains are generally gentle and may last several days. Additional information concerning some hydrologic and climatic characteristics of the southwestern region have been presented by Dorrah7 and sources of precipitation in the United States by 5Cooperrider, Chas. R. and Sykes, Glenton G. The relationship of stream flow to precipitation on the Salt River watershed above Roosevelt Dam. Univ. of Ariz. Coll. of Agr. Tech. Bull. 76, 1938. 'Greening, Climate and man, U.S.D.A. Yearbook of Agriculture, 1941. 7Dorrah, J. H., Jr., Certain hydrologic and climatic characteristics of the southwest region, U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service Regional Bulletin 98, Engineering Series, No. 9. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 14 PHOENIX MAXIMUM WIND VELOCITY COMPARED WITH PRECIPITATION r ` tS es < , '1 JAN. FEEL MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SERI OCT.. NOV. DEC. fore S minute period Figure 8.- Phoenix maximum wind velocity compared with precipitation. Holzman." Figure 8, which shows the precipitation at Phoenix compared with the maximum wind velocity for a five -minute period, indicates that relatively high winds occur during July and August, the period when summer rains come. During November and December when the winter rains occur, the maximum wind velocities are low. When the amount of rainfall per day of rainy weather for the the entire state is calculated (Table 12) , it can be seen that about 0.3 inch per day is the average rainfall. A total of about 3.8 days of rainy weather per month, or 45.6 days per year, can be expected. While this amount is small, it is important. Many rains yield much more than this average figure for the state and thus supply water to the ranges and to reservoirs for irrigation purposes. Arizona rains are likely to be local in nature, with four to six individual storms visible from a single point at a given time. Crown King, which has the highest annual rainfall in the state, has an average of forty -nine days on which at least 0.01 inch of precipitation occurs (Table 13) . This is relatively fewer days of rain than are received at many other stations which receive less annual rainfall. For example, Fort Apache and Alpine have an aver- age of seventy rainy days per year, while Bright Angel Ranger Station has seventy -eight, Greer seventy -nine, Fort Valley eighty'Holzman, Benjamin. Sources of moisture for precipitation in the U.S., U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 589. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 15 one, McNary eighty -two, and Henry's Camp ninety -six. On the other hand, more than a dozen stations have fewer than twenty rainy days per year. Some of these stations, with the number of days of rainy weather per year, are: Agua Caliente, Mohawk, and Yuma Valley, fourteen; Yuma Citrus and Yuma Date, fifteen; Aztec and Fort Mohave, sixteen; Gila Bend and Parker, seven- teen; Wellton and Yuma Evaporation Station, nineteen; and Gould's Ranch, twenty. Other stations have intermediate numbers of days of precipitation. PRECIPITATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA Precipitation measurements in Tucson were begun in 1867 at Fort Lowell, which was located in the city. In 1872 the Fort was moved to a new location about 8 miles northeast of the city, and weather records were kept there until 1890, when the station was discontinued. There is some difference in the normal rainfall in these two locations; nevertheless all Fort Lowell precipitation figures have been combined and are given in Table 14. In 1875 the U.S. Signal Corps established a weather observing station in Tucson and recorded the weather until October, 1891, when the University took over the work. The rainfall for the city is so nearly like that at the University that the data for the two stations have been combined. Table 15 and Figure 9 are records of monthly precipitation at the University of Arizona and Tucson for the period 1875 -1944. The University rainfall distribution curve differs little from the rainfall pattern of the entire state, varying from other stations chiefly in quantity. This comparison is made in Figure 7. The mean annual precipitation for the University of Arizona for the period 1875 -1944 is given in Figure 10. The mean annual precipi- tation at the University of Arizona is 11.41 inches. During this time the annual precipitation has varied from a maximum of 24.17 inches, in 1905, to a minimum of 5.16 inches, in 1924. The drought of 1924 carried over into 1925 to such an extent that much of the native vegetation died or became dormant. The carrying capacity of the ranges became nil, and the cattle were either moved to more favorable ranges, fed on feed from irrigated districts, or in a few instances were left on the range to shift for themselves. PRECIPITATION FOR 222 ARIZONA STATIONS The normal monthly and annual precipitation for the state is given in Table 16. Agua Caliente appears to be the driest place in the state, with a mean annual rainfall of 3.36 inches. The Yuma Valley station has a mean annual rainfall of 3.41 inches. The highest annual precipitation recorded in Arizona is at Crown King at an elevation of 6,000 feet. It has a twenty- four -year average of 28.21 inches. Bright Angel Ranger Station, at 8,400 feet elevation, has a fourteen -year average of 28.04 inches precipitation. PRECIPITATION- UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1875-1944 INCHES 3 - - JANUARY 2 -1 II o - r - -Lr 11 -r Tri FEBRUARY 3 2 r o -i- ._._ if 1 1-Il 1 Ï- Y - ^- MARCH 3 i - 2 F o I Kl - f 1 T _ -fr114r - 1.- ^ 3 _ _ - r - -(1 r .1- APRIL - 2 o IIiJLn"Irn ri. CIfLI --n- l.rli-L_ n_r I) - MAY 2 0 1.-. ..A1- - (1 __f h, m rr _._, f 1 ri1.. f 1-, n f -, l- , r,.. L, ..r, ri, r rr ' JUNE 2 0 0 ' 0' 0 N 0 0 0 0 N 0 0 0 0 Oae N0 0 CO 0 N 0 0 CO 0 N 0 0 0 0 N O 0 0 0 N 0 0 CO -NNNNNMIOIOenr1 01 ' 0 0' AA 000000000000000- -0 0 Figure 9.- Monthly precipitation, University of Arizona, 1875 -1944. PRECIPITATION- UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1875-1944 INCHES JULY AUGUST J SEPTEMBER r o OCTOBER 3- 2 1 1lr r nFr 1 ff. IIIIIITIr' 1- NOVEMBER n 1 II II -I DECEMBER O m O w a Om m O W; O0 o kr -1_a1- N mo Nem .; aa Figure 9.- Monthly precipitation, University of Arizona, 1875 -1944. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 18 ANNUAL PRECIPITATION- UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1875 -1944 INCHES 25- -2S 20 - - 20 15 - - IS 10- - 10 -5 o eo-annoer.ewo-aneewe o-anveew°ati-áá b«á«««wrt-nñn n eñññ R°.¡ili ewo-«méé ««éoawaawaawwa000000000ó-----r---r ä.. . . e.. . . 0 . Figure 10. -Mean annual precipitation, University of Arizona, 1875 -1944. Schwalen° reports 33.83 inches precipitation per year at Soldier Camp for the period 1926 -27. Figure 11 is a map showing the normal precipitation for Arizona." RAINFALL INTENSITY RECORDS It is popularly supposed that many Arizona storms are torrential in nature. The basis for this assumption is that some storms do furnish enough water to cause flash floods in the "washes." When these washes cross the highways and are unbridged they may halt traffic during a storm and for several hours thereafter. Other reports of floods along the Gila, Salt, and other rivers in the state add weight to this opinion. Excellent surface drainage facilitates the quick accumulation of water in the main drainage channels. The city of Tucson has been visited by costly floods twice during the past few years, and it is important therefore, in planning drains to care for rainfall runoff that they be built to care adequately for runoff from torrential storms. Flood damage and loss of life are much more common in Arizona than is damage from wind. Floods may wash out highways, bridges, irrigation systems, crops, soil, etc., or they may cover agricultural lands with blankets °Schwalen, H. C., Rainfall and runoff in the upper Santa Cruz River drainage basin, Univ. of Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 95, 1942. ' °Furnished through the courtesy of E. L. Felton, U.S. Weather Bureau Office, Phoenix. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA -1-"_'ÌÑÁVAOCO. , ; O LITTLEFIELD FREDONNA 5 "1 TAPAC/ÌECÓ JpLéE'9 fERRY COPPER MINE I RAD Ó POST sPRIRñs {i^i 19 O O KAYÇNTA I O 1 i 'N O MT..TRUMBULL I O TONALEA ',' .J) t (O i ; ANGEL OR,TURA MOHAVE CO. RANT ANYON NO.E GRAND CANYON I 155 ^ O FRAZIER'S WELL O CHIRLE SpB I CIT../ JEbD^70 GO\CONNO OTRUX'ON(AV Co \O WUtATKI OKINGMAN(4NE1 ASHFORK AIRPORT/ /O' FLAGSTAFF ABHPORK E K R.S. WALNUT CKIEUP O y O ,qg{, -. RAKESTRAWg NCNQ .. TONTO $°i ¡{EHRENBERG Ó ) .r. HOENIX WBO PHOENI ß0UL0'S R YOU ß(1$) ;, ' çi , M PINETOPF.N. O ISELA LA C I OWLOW SPRINGE VILLE I NARY SIERRA O r GILA BEND AIRPORT O l' ISACATO YUMA VALLEY (TSB(Y) UMA CITRUS STA.( S) NALCO. O AJO WEIL " O AJO / W8 H 2 I 2 EAGL 'AN AR}09 R \\ R. Iq oo _ 1...C,LIFTON. DLER NEDNTS SAFORD EVARj OSAFFOR INS Ñ 0 WILLOW SP,11NGS O OR E _ DUNCAN() y) OFT.iRANT. O BOSLEY S RANCLA iij) MKT9VfiRAHAM.'q OWIE WILLCOX TUCSON U.OFA. TUCSON MTARK O n'Ó TUCSONOAAG.OSSERY.) O gA $(((JtON ( TUCSON WBO O COGNISE AIRP3RT ,, OR6ANPIPEMCMp NORMAL PRECIPITATION ' ÇA` sN.M I . ' SABINO CANYON I .,LP/MA CO. ANVILRANCN SELLS is FOR ARIZONA AL RA ELYIN ESA X FANM(EW) TEMPE ( SEG.RES.FARM) CASA GRANDE b, AP M /COPA CQ PUMA CO MK SA óRANDE'O FLORENCE CH MARICOPA RISE) p OXAWIÇ OWELLTN) M` -) \% ' PERIOR r JIM ANA INN I AL PIN (IE !1 'O WHITERIVER O I . HILLTOP I I RENO R S RTLETT DAM LOON F IEELL LEY CITRUS R/Ì ORLA BENDO 'l O'SNÓWFLAKE PINEDAlE 3? -.OSEVELTltEi ANCHA INTAK SADDLE MT. i0 MARINETTE p O ' GRAPEVINE TRUCK LAS. -" is/ 0.-ALA MO R S PHOÉNIX INDIANOOL RITE FUT LI ;CHFIELD PARK BUCKEYE EEFDAIAO GLOBE gA RIASCREEK PCAMELBAC MP,E_( BTEWART MT. SLESS THANE' J" YUAZALW aRS DfE T0. REEK i.N. O PAYSON Ó 7t ).`` O WITTMAN ' O N i ? .SN ) O ROWN KING SALOME IßSE O WA Lé O STANIION RIA" FIELD+ WICKéN R6 A NDALE R.S. p +0 A- A PCORDES SYCAMORE R.& ° O ÁGUILA O C I I OLBROOK ¿jPETRIFIED FOREST N.M. O RIMRDCK MONTéZUMA WBAS ALNUT GROVE O11/ TTO IYAVAPA/ 'S{ C:SEFONA R.S. ,. H{LSIDE OO,iCSPARKER(EW) WB 0 IWIHSLOW WBAI d ---tPN°I"ETM P DE p Mpyp N LA {E ol0 _ ` CEDAR 6 CHINV-A(tLEY-O O , OERCANrO BAGDA'O PRESCOTT oc OL UPP ` F I 1 C O GANADO 1 \\` I OPERANO RANCH RRUS p`ANCNI VALENTINE) FORT VALLEY +.,I A7 FT.DEFIANCE (6S) ANTA MA O NLAZYNMNCN i L 2CO LEGEND SECTION CENTER BEAR VALLE WEATHER SUREAU OFFICE O SUBSTATION (TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION) O SUBSTATION (PRECIPITATION) G SUBSTATION (EVAP ORATION, TEMPERATURE, AND PRECIPITATION) O Ó NSO t pm ZBIM ANELO R.S. REFORQ O F 8AN R FAEL RANCH RTALR IUCK LESLIE sISBEE Ç OI a D YÓN ' DOUGLAS STEPHENS RANCH SCALE 20 0 20 4OMILES AMIMANKAmsmomANNO Figure 11.- Normal precipitation for Arizona. of sand and gravel which often must be removed before the lands are again suitable for use. Such a flood occurred in Safford and Duncan valleys in September, 1941, with an estimated loss of $500,000. The erection of dams on the larger rivers has done much to alleviate flood damage in certain limited areas. Cars and lives are frequently lost in attempts to cross rapidly rising washes which are in flood. In 1928 the University began rainfall intensity measurements by means of a tipping bucket gage and a triple register. Rainfall intensities in inches per hour are calculated for periods of five, ten, thirty, and sixty minutes, as well as for twenty -four hours. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 20 Table 17, compiled by Schwalen" from University of Arizona tipping bucket records for 1928 -41 and by the author for 1942 -44, shows a maximum intensity for a five -minute period of 6 inches per hour. This was for a storm which occurred on August 13, 1940. For a ten -minute period the rate per hour was 4.50 inches, but the intensity dropped for a sixty- minute period to 1.63 inches. For a twenty- four -hour period this storm yielded 2.25 inches of rain. During this storm the local power plant, which is located adjacent to an arroyo, was flooded, and as a result the city was without electric power for several days. This flash flood did an estimated damage of $75,000 and was responsible for the loss of one life by drowning. A rainfall intensity of 6 inches per hour for a five minute period is a fairly heavy rain but certainly does not approach a United States or world record.' The greatest twenty four -hour rainfall in the United States occurred at New Smyrna, Florida, October 10 -11, 1924. The amount of rain which fell at this time was 23.22 inches. The world record was reported from the Philippines in 1911 when forty -six inches of rain fell in twenty -four hours. The excessive rains occurring at the University of Arizona, reported in Table 17, are few, the greatest number in any one year having been six in 1936. SNOWFALL The same factors, chiefly latitude and altitude, which influence the amount of precipitation in Arizona influence to a considerable extent the snowfall of the state. The U.S. Weather Bureau reports the snowfall for 170 Arizona stations. Seven of these have recorded no snowfall; thirty -six, less than 0.5 inch per year. One hundred three stations report an annual snowfall of over 12 inches, while eleven report over 5 feet annually. The record for the state is 140.1 inches per year, occurring at Bright Angel Ranger Station. The mean monthly and mean annual snowfall data are given in Table 18. Tucson, at an altitude of about 2,400 feet, receives very little snow. Every two or three years a few wet flakes appear during a cold rain. Less frequently (every five or six years) as much as 2 to 6 inches of snow may fall, but even the heaviest snows in Tucson usually do not remain on the ground longer than a day. Much more snow falls on the mountains near Tucson, and it is not an unusual sight to see them snowcapped several times during the winter months. At lower elevations, such as at Phoenix and Yuma, less snow falls than at Tucson; while at Benson and Bisbee, both towns in southern Arizona but at higher altitudes, snow is more common than in Tucson. The depth of snow is recorded as the mean annual snowfall, usually not the amount of snow found 11Schwalen, H. C., Rainfall and runoff in the upper Santa Cruz River drainage basin, Univ. of Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 95, 1942. "U.S.D.A. Yearbook of Agriculture, 1941, Climate and man., p. 684. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 21 on the ground at any one time, because much of any single snowfall may melt before the next one occurs. The water equivalent of snow depends upon its density, although 10 inches of snow melted usually yields about 1 inch of water. It is the melting snow which slowly seeps into the ground that furnishes water for springs and irrigation reservoirs. RELATIVE HUMIDITY Relative humidity is the ratio between the amount of water vapor present in the air to that which might be held without condensation under the same condition of temperature and pressure. Under conditions of saturation (dew) the relative humidity is constant at 100 per cent; at other times it is subject to continual change. Assuming that the absolute humidity remains constant, the relative humidity will vary inversely with the temperature. The highest humidity occurs just before sunrise, which is the coldest part of the day. As the temperature rises the humidity drops rapidly until it reaches a low point shortly after noon, where it usually remains until after 6:00 P.M. As the temperature drops, the humidity again builds up to a high point just before sunrise on the following day. These diurnal fluctuations in humidity may be quite regular for several days of clear weather, but during periods of unsettled weather marked variations in the usual humidity curve may occur. The relative humidity is quite high during the winter months, which for Arizona are cool and rainy, but it drops regularly dur- ing the warmer, drier months of February, March, April, May, and June. The rains of July and August increase the relative humidity for those months, but it is still much lower than the December -January humidity. In September and October less rain falls than during July and August, so the relative humidity averages are lower during these autumn months. November has cooler weather and more rainfall than September or October, hence it is natural to find more humidity during that month than in the preceding ones. Arizona lies in a zone extending from Canada to Mexico and from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to Denver, where the relative humidity is lower than in most parts of the United States. The annual relative humidity in this zone ranges from 40 to 60 per cent. In Arizona it is not unusual on hot summer afternoons to measure relative humidities of 5 per cent or less. Outside this area the annual relative humidity may range from 70 to 80 per cent (Table 19) . Extremely low humidities are not beneficial to plant life but are recommended for human beings who suffer from sinus infection, pulmonary diseases, etc. Relative humidity data from seven Arizona stations are given in Table 20. Some of the data of these stations are not comparable because observations were made at different hours during the day. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 22 Several stations have at least one hour of observation in common so that such data can be compared directly. From the health standpoint there is little significant difference between the relative humidity at any of the weather stations in Arizona where relative humidity readings are regularly made. The differences between Tucson and Phoenix humidity, for example, have long been a subject for discussion. Relative humidity readings at noon from both stations show little significant difference, as Phoenix humidity is 1.4 per cent lower than that at Tucson. This is caused by the higher temperature at Phoenix. A limited amount of unpublished relative humidity data is at hand from the University of Arizona Experimental Farm at Mesa. Two months, February and July, 1933, have been selected as typical and are presented here for the sake of comparison (Table 21). It is quite evident that the relative humidity at the Mesa Farm is higher than at either the University or Phoenix Weather Bureau stations. This difference is probably due to the fact that the Mesa Farm station is located adjacent to irrigated fields. Another comparison in humidity, involving Tucson, Phoenix, and Yuma, has been made (Table 22) . In this case absolute humidity, precipitation, and wet bulb depressions also have been included. The absolute humidity at Tucson averages lower than at either Phoenix or Yuma, but the higher temperatures at Phoenix and Yuma give them a slightly lower relative humidity than that at Tucson. Tucson also has a greater number of days of rainfall per year and a higher annual rainfall than either Phoenix or Yuma. The wet bulb depression is slightly less in Tucson than at the other two stations. Unfortunately relative humidity readings are not made at most weather observing stations in the state, so it is not possible to make humidity comparisons with all. SUNSHINE The climatic zone in which Arizona lies receives a greater percentage of possible sunshine than any other part of the United States (Fig. 12) . 3 Most of the state receives in excess of 80 per cent of the possible sunshine. The state as a whole is visited by few general storms and is shut off to a large extent from the moisture- bearing winds of the Pacific Ocean. There are few actual sunshine records for Arizona, but those which are available are given in Table 23. There is a close correlation between the percentage of possible sunshine and precipitation. During the winter months of November, December, January, and February the percentage of sunshine is low as well as during the months of July and August, when the winter and summer rains occur. The more northerly stations of "Reprinted by permission of the publishers, from Handbook of Meterology, by Jacques W. Redway, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 23 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 24 Clemenceau and Prescott have less sunshine than do Phoenix and Yuma. The percentage of sunshine received in this state is twice that received in parts of the Pacific Northwest and the northern Great Lakes region. WIND Air movement, wind direction, and wind velocity are of interest to all who are concerned with weather in its various phases. Winds carry climatic conditions from one area to another. Locally, winds are of economic importance, inasmuch as engineers must know the average and maximum velocities of the wind expected in intelligently planning structures which will withstand the severest wind storms. Ranchers are interested in knowing whether or not windmills will operate on their ranges. Insurance companies' rates are dependent upon wind hazards in any community. The prevailing winds in Arizona (Table 24) , are from the south- west, with a very few stations reporting winds from easterly directions. Exceptions are the Phoenix Weather Bureau Office and the Phoenix Airport, which report annual winds from the east, but the Phoenix Indian School records show that the prevailing winds come from the west. It has been noted at the University of Arizona that the wind vane very often points toward the east during periods of stormy weather. Local topography has a marked influence on wind movements and the resulting climate. Arizona lies out of the path of tornadoes and other destructive winds, but still some wind damage to structures, trees, and crops is reported each year. The amount of loss is slight, however, when compared with losses from tornadoes and hurricanes in the Middle West, East, and South. The annual wind velocities, as recorded at six Arizona stations, range between 5.2 and 8.1 miles an hour, while the extreme velocities seldom reach 50 miles an hour. The greatest velocity at any of the stations regularly reporting wind velocity in Arizona was 60 miles an hour at Clemenceau (Table 25) . However, on May 9, 1933, a wind of 78 miles an hour was reported from Winslow. Data are probably incomplete because of failure of observers to make complete damage reports to the U.S. Weather Bureau Office in Phoenix. Such items as $300 loss from wind damage in Gila Bend on August 7, 1929; $2,000 damage in Nogales to roofs and signboards July, 1933; $4,500 damage to telephone poles in the Salt River Valley on August 1, 1933; twisting windstorm in Tucson, August, 1937, $2,000 damage; and $25,000 damage to buildings in Buckeye, August, 1939, are a few of the reports from the records. While some of the damage reported is fairly large, most of it is small. In comparison to wind damage in hurricane belts, the damage in Arizona is negligible. Few lives are lost as a result THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 25 of winds. One account reported in the March, 1932, Arizona Section of Climatological Data tells of the death of a man in a windstorm. Unusually heavy winds blew from about 10 A.M. of the 20th to the early morning of the 21st, causing dust and sandstorms throughout the state. Near Cochise one man was killed and another suffered a fractured leg in an unusual windstorm. A gust of wind tugged at the sheet -tin roof of their adobe house and they fastened the roof to their bedstead with ropes. A few minutes later a terrific gust lifted the roof and carried it several hundred yards, dropping them into a field and killing one and injuring the other. It was evidently a straight blowing wind not the tornadic type. Since few co- operative weather stations are equipped to measure wind velocities with recording anemometers, the U.S. Weather Bureau has developed a scale of wind force which can be used by an inexperienced person for estimating the velocity of the wind. This scale appears as Table 26; it is based on the physical effect of wind on land objects. EVAPORATION In a climate as dry as that found in Arizona, water evaporates very quickly, particularly when the humidity is lowest. Evaporation of water from soils and surfaces of reservoirs is great and is responsible for enormous amounts of water loss annually. Wind movement, humidity, temperature, and barometric pressure are all factors affecting the speed and amount of evaporation of water. Evaporation is a more or less continuous process except during the presence of fogs, which are quite rare. Evaporation is measured by the U.S. Weather Bureau in round galvanized iron tanks 48 inches in diameter and 10 inches deep, equipped with hook gages placed on stilling wells. An anemometer with cups about 10 inches above the surface of the water is used to determine the movement of wind over the pan. Early evaporation records were made at the University of Arizona from December, 1891, to June, 1895, from a tank sunk in the ground so that the top was level with the surface. The tank was 4 by 6 by 4 feet, hence not comparable with standard tanks in use at the present time. Data for wind movement over the tank were obtained from an anemometer on the roof of the Main Building, 40 feet above the ground. As wind movement at that height on the University campus has been shown to be about five times as great on the roof as it is on the ground, these early data are only relative. Evaporation records are available from eleven Arizona stations for periods of from four to twenty -nine years. Monthly and annual wind movement and evaporation records are given in Table 27. In addition, the annual precipitation is given to enable the reader to appreciate the precipitation evaporation ratio. A technical discussion of evaporation with evaporation measurements from various evaporation stations in the United States ap- 26 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 917 pear in the following government publications " Each contains a bibliography. CLIMATE AND COMFORT In previous sections of this bulletin it has been shown that the central and southern parts of Arizona have mild winters and warm to hot summers. In the more northerly sections and at higher elevations the winters are cold and the summers cool. The relative humidity in most parts of the state is low, as is the rainfall. Most parts of the state have high percentages of possible sunshine. Winter climates in central and southern Arizona are generally quite comfortable from the standpoint of favorable temperatures, ideal humidity, and a high percentage of sunshine. Summer climates in northern Arizona are likewise cool, sunny, and low in humidity. These climatic conditions make Arizona both a winter and a summer playground. It must be remembered, however, that even in the warmest parts of the state some heat in living quarters during the winter months is considered essential. Until recently it has not been feasible to cool houses during warm weather. With the adoption of the evaporative principle,' air can be cooled to a point ap- proaching the wet bulb temperature and distributed to the various parts of the house by means of a fan. Except during periods of high humidity in the summer months, the wet bulb temperatures are about 30 degrees F. lower than the current air temperatures. This means that air at 100 degrees F. can often be cooled to 70 degrees and that the air temperature of the house can be maintained a few degrees higher than this, particularly if the house is well insulated. Two types of evaporative coolers are in use in Arizona. In the first type the cooled, moist air is blown directly into the house. Unless this cool, moist air is exhausted when spent, an undesirably high humidity may be built up. The other type of evaporative cooler employs radiators cooled with water to approximately the wet bulb temperature. Dry air is blown over these radiators, cooled, and then forced into the house. Since this air has not come in contact with water, it is dry and does not build up the humidity to an undesirable point. When the relative humidity is high, there is little evaporation and cooling, at which times the coolers are ineffective. The cost of operation of these coolers is low. The refrigeration type of cooler lowers temperatures regardless of the humidity and does not add moisture to the air; hence it is more satisfactory than the evaporative type. However, its high original cost, as well as the high cost of operation, makes it less popular than the evaporative type. In Arizona, buildings are generally cooled not more than 20 "Rohwer, Carl, Evaporation from free water surfaces. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 271, 1931. Thornthwaite, C. W., and Ben Holzman. Measurements of evaporation from land and water surface. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 817, 1942. 15Thornburg, M. L. and P. M. Thornburg, Cooling for the Arizona home. Univ. of Ariz. Coil. of Agr. Ext. Circ. 105, 1939. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 27 degrees below the outside temperatures, because the contrast when one goes from warm outside temperatures to extremely cool ones or vice versa may produce a shock to the body which is not only uncomfortable but which may be harmful. 90 A. S. H. V. E. COMFORT CHART FOR STILL AIR 1 Air movemen or turbulence 15 to 25 ft per min Copyright 1943 80 50 40 Optimum winter comfort line Per cent of subjects FM , FM7 Average summer comfort zone -iw Optimum summer comfort line 50 70 80 90 100 DRY BULB TEMPERATURE. DEG FAHR Reprinted by permission Figure 13.- Comfort chart for varying condiitons of temperature and humidity. Note: Both summer and winter comfort zones apply to inhabitants of the United States only. Application of winter comfort line is further limited to rooms heated by central station systems of the convection type. The line does not apply to rooms heated by radiant methods. Application of summer comfort line is limited to homes, offices and the like, where the occupants become fully adapted to the artificial air conditions. The line does not apply to theaters, department stores, and the like where the exposure is less than 3 hours. The optimum summer comfort line shown pertains to Pittsburgh and to other cities in the northern portion of the United States and Southern Canada, and at elevations not in excess of 1,000 ft. above sea level. An increase of one degree ET should be made approximately per 5 degrees reduction in north latitude. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 28 No two individuals react exactly the same to heat or cold stimuli, nor does the same individual always react similarly to the same heat or cold. Where an attempt is made to produce a zone of comfort for all people, only a bare majority - perhaps 55 to 65 per cent -will be perfectly comfortable. The others will be too warm or too cool. The American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers has conducted elaborate experiments in its research laboratories which show various combinations of tempera- ture, humidity, and air movement that produce the same "ef- fective temperature." Figure 13, reproduced by permission from the Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning Guide, 1944, published by the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, is a comfort chart for varying conditions of temperature and humidity. From this chart it can be seen that a dry bulb temperature of 70 degrees F. at 20 per cent relative humidity gives an effective temperature of 64 degrees. If the temperature remains constant but the humidity is raised to 80 per cent, the effective temperature is raised to 68.5 degrees. This explains why the air seems cooler when the humidity is low, as it usually is in Arizona. It also gives a reason for humidifying the air in houses during the winter heating season. The comfort zone in houses thus humidified during the period the house is heated may be several degrees lower than it is in those not humidified. CLIMATE AND HEALTH Arizona and the Southwest have become popular health and winter resorts in the United States because of the mild winter climate which permits outdoor activities during the entire season. The value of Arizona's climate is based on the abundance of sunshine which is extremely high in health -giving ultraviolet rays, the warm days and cool nights, the low humidity and rainfall, the high altitude, and freedom from destructive storms. The therapeutic value of the sunshine is well recognized. However, long- continued sunshine becomes almost as monotonous as do long periods of cloudy weather in other localities. The low humidity and mild winters annually attract hundreds of people who are suffering from sinus infection, pulmonary diseases, rheumatism, arthritis, etc. Others come to escape the rigors of a northern or eastern winter. Several climatic factors are associated with altitude. They are increased sunlight and wind and lower temperature and air pressure. Also associated with high altitudes are increases in the number of red blood cells, accelerated respiration, and an increase in the metabolic rate. Hence, moderately high altitudes are con- ducive to general good health and are often recommended for those suffering from tuberculosis. It is dangerous for those suffering from certain diseases of the heart and blood vessels to change quickly from a low to a high altitude. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 29 Heat exhaustion, or heatstroke, occurs occasionally in Arizona, but it is not a frequent cause of death in the state. Those who perspire excessively during the summer and thereby lose body salts should replace the salts by drinking milk or water to which table salt has been added. Those who demand a certain climate for health or for other reasons should be able to find it in some section of Arizona. The state has many local climates differing one from the other, chiefly because of varying altitude and latitude. Southern Arizona has a mild winter climate, but the summers are too debilitating for many invalids. However, the low humidity, the marked diurnal variation in temperature, and the development of house coolers have tended to make the high daytime temperatures of less importance than they were formerly. CLIMATE AND AGRICULTURE In Arizona, as well as in other arid- region states, climate, topography, soils, and water have influenced the patterns of settlement and culture. Some important dry- farming areas are found in regions of relatively high rainfall and cool temperatures, but irrigated farming occupies the most important place in Arizona's agriculture. The long growing season and freedom from severe killing frosts in parts of the Salt River Valley, the Yuma district, and other less developed areas have made it possible to grow citrus fruits without the necessity of "heating" or "smudging" the groves during periods of cold weather. Cotton, which requires a minimum of 200 days of growing weather, can be grown in most of the irrigated valleys of the state. Other crops of extreme importance are truck crops which can be grown locally when other areas in a county are not in production. Small grains are planted during the winter months and mature in the early spring. These crops grow during the coolest part of the year when evaporation and transpiration are low, so their irrigation requirement is not high. The dry- farming areas of Yavapai, Coconino, and Apache coun- ties have been rather successful in the production of beans, fruits, etc. The Hopi and Navajo practice dry farming in a small on the whole way in northern Arizona, but Arizona Indians18 farmers17 have had only limited success with dry- farming operations. The Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station has abandoned its dry farms at Prescott and Cochise because in those localities ordinary farm crops cannot be grown satisfactorily. However, in higher and moister altitudes dry farming has distinct possibilities. 16Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 125. '7Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 84 and 103. 30 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE The entire irrigated land in Arizona comprises about 750,000 acres. In the Salt River Valley and adjoining areas there are about 390,000 acres; at Yuma, 75,000; Middle Gila, 155,000; Safford Valley, 33,000; Duncan, 4,500; Pima County, 25,000; Yavapai Coun- ty, 10,000; and in Navajo County, 7,000 acres. Other smaller irrigated acreages are found in almost every county in the state. Areas in which specialty crops are grown include the Salt River Valley and the Yuma and Middle Gila districts. The soil and cli- mate in these areas are well suited to the production of regular field crops as well as those more intensely cultivated, such as citrus, head lettuce, melons, asparagus, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and other truck crops. Temperature is undoubtedly the greatest single climatic factor which determines the kind of crop which may be grown and the seasons, which are favorable to its growth. Many winters in Yuma pass without recorded temperatures as low as 32 degrees, and in portions of the Salt River Valley only light frosts occur. This permits the growing there of the types of crops suited to frostless regions. Such subtropical crops as citrus, olives, figs, dates, and pomegranates thrive. Citrus cultivation is carried out on the Yuma Mesa and on the higher slopes north and south of Phoenix, near Litchfield Park, and on the higher fans circling the Salt River Valley northeast of Mesa. Other smaller areas occur throughout the Valley where the temperatures are favorable and where the air drainage is good. Citrus culture has become so well established in Arizona that its production has gone beyond the experimental state. Citrus trees bloom and set their fruit during March and April and mature it the following fall, winter, or spring, depending upon the variety. Grapefruit is harvested from October 1 to April 1 or later, navel oranges from October to December, and Valencias from February to April. Lemons are harvested from September to January. Large numbers of crops endure the cold weather of the winter better than they do the heat of the summer and so are planted and grown between two summers rather than between two winters. Examples are the small grains and truck crops. Such crops are planted after the heat of the summer is past, grow throughout the winter, and are harvested in the spring. Other crops, such as perennial field crops, cotton, sorghums, etc., grow throughout the long, hot summers. Climatically many different portions of the state are suited to the production of crops. Lettuce, for example, if soil and water conditions are satisfactory, can be grown throughout the year. By studying Figure 14, one could determine the feasibility of growing a crop in any part of the state at a time when it is climatically suited to the area. In the Salt River Valley, lettuce cannot be safely planted before September 15 nor later than December 1. As THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 31 a rule, two crops are planted. The fall crop usually matures in ninety to 110 days, and the spring crop, because of the cool weather during the greater part of its growing period, requires about 150 days. Lettuce which is planted while the weather is still too warm has a tendency to go to seed stalks, and that which is planted so late in the season as to encounter cold nights, hot days, and hot winds is subject to slime and tipburn. Peas, which are especially susceptible to frost during the period of bloom, are planted early in September and harvested before the November frosts. It is difficult, however, to get a stand at this season of the year because of the warm weather, so the more important plantings are made late in November or early in December for harvest after the danger of frosts has passed. Au . Sa Oct. No Dec. Jon Fail Mch A May June Al /. Au . Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1111111111111111111111111111111M1111111111 1101111111111111111111111111110.111111111111 111M /' _EN. .1PA-..N,S11. I/ r . %\. ` `\` . ;\!iy "ffill1111rì31111111\E Zd /`._ `/.. 1101111111` GD, 9 - HFANAAWUAL .TEMAERATURfS OMRWX YUMA EN/X N/KOFA RK RPORD LLCOX JLOROOX --GOCOTI ,a4 g12.'-"" /Immor./m MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURES FOR ARIZONA STATIONS Figure 14. -Mean monthly temperature for Arizona Stations. Tomatoes are planted in the field about March 10 in the Yuma Valley and about three weeks later in the Salt River Valley. Sev- eral years of experimentation' with winter tomatoes and other tender truck crops on the Yuma Mesa have shown that the winters are too cold to permit successful growth. Asparagus is harvested during March and until about April 15. The root crops are planted during the autumn, winter, and spring months from October 1 to March 1. Carrots make in sixty to ninety days, radishes in forty to sixty days, turnips in sixty to ninety days, and beets in about ninety days. Sweet potatoes are started in a hotbed about February 15 and transplanted to the field from April 1 to 15. They make in about 120 days and are harvested during the months of August and September. 18Unpublished data, University of Arizona Horticulture Department. 32 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 Strawberries produce in April and May. Cantaloupes may be planted in the field February 15 if protected by hot caps, or in the open from April 1 to 15. They mature in ninety to 120 days and are harvested from July 1 to August 15. Watermelons are planted from March 15 to April 15 and harvested eighty to 120 days later. Cotton, usually planted during the first two weeks of April, may be planted as early as March 15 or as late as May 15. It is harvested from October through January. Alfalfa grows through the long, hot summers and produces from six to seven cuttings per year. The seed, however, should not be planted in the autumn until the maximum temperatures fall below 105 degrees nor until the minimum temperatures fall below 60 degrees (September to November) . The first cutting is made in April. The small grains, which require cool weather for growth and maturity, are planted in the fall and winter months (October 15 to January 1) and are harvested in May. If planted as late as February, they do not mature before the hot weather of early summer, and as a consequence the grain is not well filled. Small grains planted in the early fall may be pastured during the winter and then allowed to grow to make a seed crop. The grain sorghums, milo maize, and hegari are crops of economic importance in Arizona because of their ability to develop under adverse conditions of temperature and moisture. They are able to withstand high summer temperatures, are usually planted after wheat from June 1 to July 10, and mature in 110 to 120 days. Thus because Arizona possesses a climate which permits the growth of specialized high - priced crops in seasons of the year when other regions cannot grow them, agriculture will continue to be profitable in spite of the high overhead expense involved in irrigation farming. Increases in acreage will come only as increased sources of water are developed. TABLE 1. - MONTHLY EXTREME MAXIMUM AND EXTREME MINIMUM TEMPERATURES - UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA STATION, 1392 -1944 February January March May April June August July September Year Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 75 73 75 76 89 17 23 18 27 23 78 80 75 84 83 30 31 20 29 26 83 92 86 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 71 73 74 76 76 26 17 20 27 19 80 83 79 80 82 25 32 17 25 31 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. 100 98 100 102 106 38 42 43 48 47 107 107 98 52 45 32 45 41 105 106 106 108 108 92 94 32 30 24 30 27 91 91 91 95 93 32 36 34 31 31 80 82 88 92 86 22 25 26 31 25 94 95 92 88 92 30 34 36 35 28 98 102 97 Max. 104 108 110 39 55 48 45 Max. 106 107 Min. 67 Max. December Max Min. Max. Min. 83 84 87 83 83 33 29 35 27 30 76 76 78 85 90 16 22 30 14 27 107 107 106 108 110 16 91 35 38 38 38 41 92 98 93 92 98 29 38 32 29 46 89 90 88 88 85 28 21 32 32 36 80 74 78 78 83 16 22 22 28 105 108 107 108 108 16 17 17 25 10 95 93 97 96 96 43 35 35 40 29 30 35 32 31 27 78 78 78 72 78 26 21 28 24 21 15 29 112 108 107 107 108 96 98 96 101 95 42 29 36 38 41 85 88 91 30 25 26 34 24 78 74 79 83 85 20 23 17 23 19 111 108 110 111 107 20 23 91 94 95 95 96 31 40 40 44 38 88 85 31 35 35 26 24 72 74 73 82 79 18 28 22 18 19 15 108 109 107 110 107 22 19 15 88 91 83 83 85 30 27 26 29 19 82 82 77 80 85 22 27 28 19 27 110 110 111 111 109 22 18 20 19 19 25 28 27 29 32 82 73 80 75 84 27 27 25 24 24 111 110 17 19 110 109 109 23 18 24 35 25 29 27 27 77 82 79 75 74 24 23 23 20 23 108 107 111 110 108 24 22 22 20 32 29 23 27 31 77 84 75 78 79 22 23 22 25 27 110 111 109 106 112 19 18 21 21 Min. 107 102 100 106 104 65 62 64 61 69 102 99 100 107 102 60 50 46 50 52 94 92 97 93 99 102 107 100 104 62 54 52 50 49 53 Min. 59 106 106 104 64 66 63 67 50 58 48 57 48 103 108 107 108 108 65 66 68 61 66 101 106 105 106 66 66 62 57 63 65 65 65 66 61 105 104 97 102 102 100 103 45 48 52 101 62 51 43 57 104 Max. Min. 79 92 38 37 33 36 31 98 102 99 97 99 39 42 41 39 37 112 108 107 102 107 50 57 55 52 46 108 106 107 107 108 59 61 55 62 61 96 91 91 100 90 35 36 30 35 38 101 96 96 111 97 42 41 41 42 43 107 108 106 109 107 50 43 53 52 51 111 106 108 110 106 65 25 33 35 64 64 102 100 102 61 49 107 106 63 63 62 63 63 80 90 88 80 90 32 26 33 30 30 90 90 95 89 94 33 36 39 36 34 102 101 105 98 99 38 38 41 37 44 108 105 107 106 107 53 49 52 50 44 105 109 103 109 107 54 58 64 67 63 106 103 106 110 102 64 63 63 67 63 101 102 88 87 86 80 89 23 34 29 30 35 91 90 96 86 93 28 34 38 33 32 96 96 97 101 98 39 43 49 110 41 40 106 109 48 49 50 55 49 107 105 103 111 106 65 66 64 61 64 102 110 105 105 103 55 61 65 60 64 103 103 100 102 101 50 55 54 49 53 101 99 86 97 99 36 36 35 33 35 67 66 64 106 104 100 105 100 104 58 44 52 53 59 98 94 96 100 98 32 34 35 42 44 81 74 94 80 84 51 54 59 50 49 96 101 101 94 94 41 38 32 40 41 88 88 84 86 91 36 48 39 33 42 84 87 93 86 86 80 76 79 67 83 25 27 15 26 22 81 76 91 70 88 24 24 24 28 31 84 82 28 24 30 36 24 94 92 92 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 76 76 82 78 83 26 26 29 15 16 82 84 76 82 83 27 22 23 19 27 95 88 81 96 88 24 28 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 81 72 81 70 73 21 6 26 22 23 80 76 79 77 82 25 28 26 28 22 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 72 83 74 80 81 28 18 20 30 22 80 80 78 76 91 27 24 26 30 23 88 74 87 108 111 44 52 109 107 108 107 109 107 62 58 105 103 104 108 107 111 110 105 49 51 52 52 55 106 107 106 108 108 67 57 69 68 66 106 106 102 110 102 65 63 67 67 66 102 105 102 103 64 63 68 64 64 103 104 103 101 104 57 44 93 98 101 99 99 17 19 24 18 24 81 82 80 86 84 23 25 25 33 29 83 82 82 91 84 24 28 23 29 32 92 89 88 99 94 28 37 30 32 41 105 101 100 104 100 37 43 47 47 44 111 110 110 106 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 88 79 77 75 75 28 22 22 26 23 82 34 26 26 31 32 86 88 86 81 89 31 32 29 30 29 96 95 91 96 89 38 34 33 40 103 43 50 43 39 46 99 98 54 53 50 55 46 58 76 83 73 80 74 44 99 102 100 44 45 52 65 63 60 61 63 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 101 99 103 102 50 99 101 Annual Nove{nber October Max. 109 108 100 107 102 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 81 78 83 79 Min. 81 88 86 82 92 92 80 83 88 93 ' ' 10 11 Max. Min. 22 28 14 23 11 22 17 15 16 6 23 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 79 75 77 84 75 19 26 21 21 22 82 80 82 85 80 25 18 28 29 27 85 86 91 82 88 30 28 37 29 29 91 88 94 93 96 36 33 31 34 31 100 103 106 94 100 42 38 46 43 44 110 111 106 106 112 48 51 50 50 48 106 106 109 106 108 66 67 65 59 62 105 109 107 103 105 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 72 76 80 82 73 15 26 26 22 28 79 79 78 85 84 26 28 25 28 36 83 85 89 87 84 31 31 28 30 36 97 97 95 94 88 35 31 40 40 32 102 104 100 99 100 41 41 49 49 43 106 106 107 109 106 53 56 55 58 52 110 107 106 109 108 66 58 69 62 61 106 108 104 106 102 64 60 65 59 64 102 101 104 101 102 61 61 49 59 45 97 98 92 95 95 46 40 42 37 35 88 81 91 88 84 33 27 35 26 26 77 83 85 83 81 31 27 24 33 26 110 108 107 109 108 15 26 24 22 26 1942 1943 1944 82 75 77 26 23 22 78 89 78 27 25 27 86 91 83 28 33 31 91 102 89 31 37 36 103 100 102 40 42 45 108 105 109 52 51 54 110 110 108 68 63 61 104 103 112 61 65 66 102 106 104 56 56 54 95 94 98 35 36 44 85 83 85 26 28 29 78 74 74 25 26 28 110 110 112 25 23 22 Extremes 89 6 91 17 95 22 102 28 111 32 112 39 111 55 112 55 107 43 101 29 94 19 85 10 112 6 77.2 22.3 80.9 26.5 86.2 29.2 92.3 34.4 107.6 51.2 107.7 104.8 63.6 102.2 52.2 95.8 37.6 86.0 28.9 78.8 23.1 108.9 19.7 Mean monthly extremes 100.2 42.5 63.2 56 45 56 1 22 jenuuy Ñ .r .-Ni .. d . ti }OQ WO Md . <1!m! 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OW ON Nrl NCO rmi 41041 tom COCO u700 0014,4 NMOiß Wu) M04 W01070.4 u7400)Ó NWL-W g0000= 1MC't 0-WW4 WNWN OM01,0 N0M C000000 MOM vi rlt 00Cr M. el cl NO C10) .-IrIÓ 0Or1601 WMÓW 010ßÓM 40Wm04 W01041 WriWri 01M01M 01N01M 01NWM 01040100 SM0140 4000 N,1 OM qm m.O-amrci OÑ00Ci 00iÑMÑ WÑW007 014! 40NM NÑWM WCVMÑ COW M41 WM Ol1ß NN lO1ß ñOM W.O-IL`Ñ WrILÑ WÑÑ NW.v-i-iLÑ WÑÑM á ,.a yxQ wm3 m'Uy'. xa v,ya vxO ili sl S 4 4 8 r1 u g xv x .+'xO a x °póD °AÓ DD b10ó» aOÓIDD °AÓD> °OÓ DD xa¢< xa¢d xadd xa xa xa¢ CO Cl oCl O W ..4 0i CO CO 4Ñ 4400 er d Úq Di y 0, ~ . -0 Cl N Á 5u , go 4 Wq Ey +0 O 171 E 5 . íM 26 53 Low Hi Low Hi Low Hi 3/39 - 1/44 Betatakin 1/44 - 12/44 Burrus Ranch Part of 1944 Call of the Canon 55 78 32 Low Hi Low Hi Low Hi Low Hi Low Hi 1944 Copeland Ranch 3/39 - 12/44 Copper Mine Trading Post 1/42 - 12/44 Ehrenberg 1943 Falcon Field 10/40 - 12/42 Frazier's Well ..__ .... 54 Hi Low Hi Low Hi Low Hi Low 1944 Gila Bend Airport 1/43 - 12/44 Grand Canyon No. 2 1/43 - 12/44 Groom Creek 7/41 - 12/44 Helmet Peak 80 24 67 9 6 -5 -6 87 26 67 12 -3 58 80 35 70 72 90 32 86 26 -1 69 57 4 72 15 72 13 63 17 3 54 58 -3 89 29 68 12 90 23 Feb. Low 87 24 65 3 -1 72 10 Hi 72 5 68 10 1944 Low 0 51 6 Cochise Airport Hi 1/43 - 12/44 Chino Valley Low 80 Hi 10/40 - 12/44 Bartlett Dam 66 10 Low 1/44 - 12/44 Ash Fork Airport 80 18 Lowest Hi Highest Anvil Ranch 2/43 - 12/44 Jan. 86 29 72 4 70 5 80 36 83 8 92 40 96 32 73 10 .... 64 21 77 79 10 65 17 63 0 7 72 100 35 82 16 80 20 93 44 12 84 101 40 103 40 84 24 .... 67 32 80 89 22 68 25 66 18 15 82 100 39 20 92 24 73 3 98 35 Apr. 70 30 91 Mch. SUPPLEMENT TABLE 2. - 100 42 84 26 85 27 50 102 15 90 104 46 108 48 89 27 80 20 92 37 196 51 101 23 92 38 ..._ .... 101 23 117 56 114 52 98 35 90 26 42 102 98 25 108 62 104 41 92 46 113 68 100 35 62 117 119 60 100 45 90 40 55 100 103 38 .... 92 23 .... 90 44 99 48 60 115 98 43 108 58 July .... .... 91 25 94 33 112 50 97 30 108 45 June .... 79 26 84 23 104 43 82 31 101 34 May 50 108 60 104 45 92 50 73 117 100 37 102 48 89 37 88 40 64 111 99 29 107 60 58 106 65 112 93 29 87 33 99 48 96 36 .... .... 87 31 32 88 109 56 94 38 104 54 Sept. 116 97 48 92 41 50 102 101 40 ._.. .... 39 91 97 46 58 115 98 42 110 60 Aug. 97 38 79 24 28 79 103 53 90 20 97 43 106 38 86 25 79 28 89 38 89 23 .... .... 77 25 77 21 102 43 26 85 .._ 96 Oct. 84 27 15 69 62 12 88 32 74 11 88 32 93 25 68 12 66 9 23 79 75 11 ... .... 66 7 68 9 87 35 .... ..._ 85 28 Nov. 80 27 60 11 4 51 75 31 -8 67 .... 80 32 62 8 7 59 69 19 65 11 ._._ ... 61 2 84 29 ._.. .. 76 24 Dec. 108 24 104 4 92 -3 117 31 101 -8 117 32 119 24 -1 100 -1 92 102 10 5 103 .... .._. 0 91 99 -3 24 115 98 3 110 18 Year CO THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 49 tiW In.. ..0) no MO ...V NN OW NM VtN O.-1 M.-I .N-.W «.. nm ..N ..N O .. OM .. O.. ..N N O M .-1N .. ..O.r .--I N O .I ...' .-I .. N O .-. .--I .. ...1 . MN MO NN W.-1 mt.. V I[) mm N .--I W M W.ti dNN O) W.-I N NN.-1 LN WN.NN N InWM V t0 WM .: WN WM NN N. NM W.-1 WM LM`.N. . : : WW MO MO CM WÑ NM OM Nol MM COO ~WM Ñ . . ÓVW OM M OM..OW)Ñ MN MVN. ..-.M TíOG .: MM Ów MN OM) WM .y NW M. t01[) WW W.OVI CON NOO)W ON VO WO NV WM .CO V. OVI on OW mn on mm on O)ä OM MV OM OV OM O)I!) .1W .IW mm M OMCA mer .-iIn MN NO) O N ln.'. .4O .. LL7 ow ow on .. W O on O.. .NW W...'IVO.n..OCOCO .1 .1 .-1 .i ti 0 000 .1.. W ..on .-. .4 .. ä .. W.+ NW 00 NW WV. CON OW MO) NM CO00 V. MM CO )n0 OW VN MM OMVI.i Oto .4 OM OW OIn .i OIn r-ito OW .. .i .1 .-1 .i .4 1 .i OV .-CO.i.1W ...-1VI."OVI CO O(DD .i .O-I1Nn MM OV. --I . . IInn Ó.~fi Ótd ÓM ./ Ów Ó.Ma Olry .-I .i ÑWW .. MV .V .1 OM .`I .1 .. ÓM ÓVI .I OM OM NN In0) MO In0) WO Ww WN WO) WO VV. O)V...0) MNWN Q)VMO OVIMO .I WM .IOV WM MM WM MV MN MV mM .IOM OM n NCO CO. TM WWM OM MN OM MW M NM MM co V11 WM lN.V.l WÑ MN M. MN ñÑ O)M : M MM MN M MÑ OW .: CO M LN.W-. WÑ W WO NWÑ MO NV OtoN. WW ::mn .9M N.1mm NN N.-I N CO.NN CONVtnOW O)N ::NCO NM NM N. NN tpÑ ÑN ÑÑ WN Ñ.N. N. OWCÑ OOOÑ . ::N. : V..+. : WM WO ÑÑ W Ñ t~00 N 3W' 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 :ó ó c ß Ñn 64 -. rn O U rt$ U R 7,T"_:: N -.y+ N rn V. U ..,ñ t wo Ñ N.N- U Cd I: . Vx V. °)n? a Cy ti W¢, k. R. Ó ÑÑw-N.. .ti Ri N - H .ÿ N ló IU .V..p ..V . ..eM VWó0m W" V f. ---,-01 V .'.._-rii wL. Ú 3 S. m .k r~ á>W 3 xa x E m .0 °á xá 3 x ái m U 3 3 3 xá x á xá xs x á x á x á xá xá x á x á v .-r W Fi Ñ ..-la Ñ ..L..N-. m.,. ló w O 3 .141 .-I 3 dtti M ,y er Si M,^ V.. V eM W ''''''A ° ñ "U] Ú1 °F.. mF .... 86.8 87.1 90.7 89.3 81.6 84.9 75.5 74.8 66.2 66.8 57.0 61.0 50.6 54.0 44.9 47.8 *Values in parantheses ( ) obtained interpolation. Mean 1891 81.2 82.0 80.5 (88.1) 93.5 81.7 (85.4) 89.2 (77.1) 81.7 69.0 76.0 63.3 67.4 55.0 62.5 52.6 51.9 47.8 (49.9) 1889 1890 87.8 54.4 81.5 83.4 76.8 77.0 83.2 80.8 77.0 79.1 76.5 Sept. 86.2 89.2 91.1 93.5 95.1 85.2 82.1 81.3 85.3 83.6 83.7 87.8 79.7 Aug. 89.0 94.0 90.9 95.6 91.1 92.6 75.8 ( 81.6) 70.1 68.0 67.0 69.9 52.1 (62.1) (46.5) (50.7) 1887 1888 93.4 88.7 79.1 80.5 87.4 87.3 75.4 (71.8) 66.3 (63.0) 54.3 (57.8)* 49.2 41.1 1885 1886 98.0 92.4 83.8 86.6 85.7 86.0 87.7 88.8 86.0 July 90.9 85.8 70.8 75.5 62.9 71.8 60.5 65.2 52.0 63.0 46.8 49.7 1883 1884 84.6 80.2 75.5 72.8 57.2 58.0 55.8 50.0 45.8 48.5 1881 1882 77.4 69.0 63.4 66.5 63.9 65.5 54.2 58.3 47.2 49.5 51.1 1879 1880 68.5 84.4 86.7 June 82.9 86.6 62.1 56.8 50.1 45.4 69.6 75.1 May 75.2 76.5 59.8 61.3 52.2 49.9 67.4 Apr. 1877 1878 Mch. 56.7 Feb. 54.4 Jan 48.2 1875 1876 Year 52.9 51.5 53.6 56.9 70.8 71.5 67.0 58.9 59.4 (65.4) 57.4 67.1 64.3 81.4 75.0 (77.6) 64.8 58.8 57.0 64.4 65.4 50.7 52.3 56.2 56.7 69.6 68.2 67.4 69.2 44.4 51.7 55.6 (57.9) 54.6 (56.8) 73.1 74.5 73.4 70.0 52.1 (45.0) 70.2 72.0 56.4 54.2 67.1 66.9 69.0 67.4 67.1 47.4 56.3 66.9 54.7 49.4 50.7 47.7 58.7 57.4 Mean Dec. Nov. 76.5 72.1 70.7 74.7 68.2 64.6 69.8 69.9 71.9 67.9 67.1 Oct. TABLE 3. - MEAN TEMPERATURES -EARLY TUCSON DATA (1875 -1891) THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA Iettuüy `7aQ ,AON 'PO ;dag tty 0 0 0 CO COcO NC-0 co MCD 000 .i 51 CoCO N CO OWt- C- [- N art, t- ONM OCOcMr W WWt)C~- COÑá NM ] OMtÑ ÑiMO OCOwCWO C`OCco9 ÑOWCD COCDCD ,-1CCsM d+NCO MMM ,-+COM co .1.! cot- ,MCOd! Od!o CbWIfl MN00 ci u°0-3 C- coMCO MOC- 4,-4 ci NO Ol- co os; WO.CONW co c° co CßNco COMUi M CONiW CONeM eMNM cßMW L:CVif] 0C)cß OCiW OWW W OMCI' CAOC COWC OCOCO W.1N OLLCO CO ei!NCi eM.-1ei! COWW OA.i P1. .inOC WÓ. COcÓCÓ CONO Od, N t o 06 CeIWW C]ÓO OßOM C-WCO C- MCß c.....0. co W.iM CONeM CW0 co NMO C-Mto ONM COWcß NCOü') eNMN WC-0)'.1 D7M00 0O00 C000 .-1.i0 O) Coi M e W N.i t0 0 0 M .-I.N N C- 0D W O M to u) eM C CO N CO e C- i-1 CO CO Coco W C-1flCD CoeM'COloi OtßC- 0 CO eNCO OtoC- COWo se OCO O OtDeM OCOCO COOt; OcOCO OOO OcOCO C- C- N OCOtß CO Wet, .1 ONM 0 C000 COOco .-ic0e} ifiNCO cc; Oco tßM MCOCC PiQiCO t p tÓ ÓCÓ«i 04,-; O MW.i oCDCO CAtDt OC-CO PMco COeXtO OCOCO C- 0)t0C- O1ßC- C-eMCo) COtnN C!000 .-1N CD NNE- .1t0.i C- C- N 0N0 0.M.-1.1 WN.H COOßeM .1W.i COCßN MCOM CO co COCON COMO ÓCOeH CONW tßt.-Ì .cOto .idiC- tßNO C- eMto C01ßC- oC-O 00000 OCOCO CO WCO CO CON .1 .iOC-O OC-W Ot-CO ti tAln,p O.MN d!eMeM O00ß 00MCO 00.-i.-1 OCOOß t- OOßO Wo0 00O0 CO.-tCO COOQ, C' et. 0 .1C-e0+ OCOeM N MOM WtßN N000 COeMCD Ó0N MOCO 0C-CO C- erCO Ont- oC-O CO 00000 OCOCO CO eNCO COCOCoNO oWCO .i e.-i aunp CA.iui eHC-O t:t- C- O1ß.i OC-CO OcßW N OM.i OCO.1 00 .1CO NN.-1 .7, CO QCOÑ CO 01COCO COW Ó t-p-I .-I . CO ÓD W M(COOW OW ÑOON ÓOÓOO C-NO ea t.-01 .i0tß .iCOtn co Mtß C>?eMtO O NC-o OWO COLN NC-N eH.1CO CO. -i COeMtß OÓtß .ICOCCOC-CO O.y.--i ,...4,-; os c606°60.: ai co tojOCÓ coOßCO COcßO No, C.OtßC OtoC- 0)ON CONen C-Mto =cot- zdy .1 .i .! to N o CO o ó 0.-! co .i W Orn co co .-1 o- er 0 0 0 0 0 CO OCOU'CÑ CWßCCOO COßÑeM COOMtß WtßCO- CMO ÑCO ÑeMCNO íßM co V01COo NCO dW.CMD O d! O CO N u .1eMCV N cc) to COecco C-MCß CO tß Co W 0o o o C0 1ß W. C! W cO O u M CO - CO u 00 coco to .i O e Lr M o° c.6,--,tß.-ico NOcO .iteM ÓCOCO cocOCo! 000M u7NM COeXO CONeM WeMCO CCo 6064 C-MU9 C-MUi NLßCO C-eMCO NCO.0 C-NO toON 0001 ei!d!eM N.-1N .i COCOC- am CßoM OC-co vi a; CNOM tCOO tiM ÑM Ñe}Ctß CWß CO MW CCODMcOß WÑM CODM co W d! W N W N N N .i u) M "..0.0' O O co tn .! o CO O W e! C- O M W 0 0 [ ei' .i .-1 0 0 46 co co t- co O O tß co t....0.3 co O.--i eWC. co W CO 10 N t...:46 tOcito cocoa. COeMcß W co toNM tOMtß W cocoW CONeco ecNM C-oMW Wd+ S mti roi m CC Ñ m z A OZ ZOO ZZÑ oz, a ZOO tCOCCI tÑtO oa iO mm ZZZ aac0gm at odOmOm G Z (iaaa) ROT}EAaI r3 (sz.i) p"agooas 3oL;fia.LlaI CO toi .Ni 0 ÂUttO.) co X O CO t`O- O co co .i CO co CO N W 0ß N Z N o0 W Ó Coq W CO CO CO N .H Z o O O 000O CO O co co co Coi CO C W W M o cl co tp d Z X p 8 co Ú co Z X CO . N N S.' CO /1 Y1 CUO ,A1 co 4 Á. j N :' Q1 co t5 t5 .N. ~ Ú o Ú tv uot3pIS v > s co ^ . Gi o sa ÿ oo .Q al W to °m A m vi ái tc¡. °, W LO 52 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 Year lenuuy mam mNO roaa n 'Ng m mmo o-mm Ng ,ogm m..N no N mN; mNm Nm N mmm mmo- Ng mm; mNm mN° mmm Ng ; mm o.,n o-mm o-om mNe o-om m Ne o-mm J 700 n TABLE 4. - MONTHLY MEAN MAXIMUM, MEAN MINIMUM, AND MEAN TEMPERATURES - UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, 1891 -1944 im hNV m mwN a °; rig; Ng Ng 8ny Ngm mmm Wmm m m .. : r cgo-o m .finr aant Ng ;i; Wmm nmm ] Beg4 adV N m mm .. m m.. mmw m oWgti o. m mom Wq N.+ ;ñá g;; m gm WuNiti gñá ó,u`iti gg mág muniti Ng d,yN npm npm Ni Ng mN m ó'iuniti mmti WwÑ cle? --1, mmo Ni McN`I (sxd) paoaas ;o Jo q75ua-I N m. m 41 III at0iwv °' "C á O ... v W f-0 G ... n â.S .. N ÿ G CV m : m áN o `a", Ú U O .. n m Ó . ^ .ti C W Ñ R 1-0 . gójp W m ti x , vi bqg ° ,., $ in I Ng III O . mnm 41 41 CCg CC CC `°wv wáv III In a`0ivm www iva coa llol7als ti ii 4A ii CCC CCC ..03 .-i. 5° d4nnoD W..m tiNm Lpm mNp mWm mNm [-%ui mNd m%% In..N mnm mNm mÑd mnm m III t0vv III uoi;aenáÌS m NW NeyN h 4i m mm Nt- mNe ;ÿm tip; ÑMg o-u> ga3 m o-mvmi WWO Wnm N mNW N W mom nNm mam m um o-nmN ;ii m mMÿ mom Ni mem á g ih C o -sNi O Ú v g Ch O,4 64.9 61.0 61.0 34.3 1895 65.3 1896 74.6 1897 1898 61.0 60.5 1899 1900 1901 1902 Mean Mean max. Mean min. á Ú Mean Mean max. Mean min. 11r 54.0 55.8 62.3 70.1 65.5 67.6 30.8 35.7 36.4 33.2 46.6 52.9 51.0 50.4 65.2 69.2 64.9 70.8 33.3 35.0 39.0 34.3 49.2 52.0 52.6 74.3 78.0 71.9 71.0 38.8 47.4 39.3 37.2 56.6 62.7 55.6 54.1 1903 64.3 59.5 31.1 45.3 72.2 38.0 55.1 63.8 48.9 1904 1905 1906 33.5 27.1 45.4 74.6 37.9 56.2 77.8 42.6 60.2. 39.5 48.7 57.6 43.6 50.6 62.5 45.6 35.0 50.6 68.6 41.9 55.2 75.4 41.5 1907 1908 1909 1910 63.3 67.5 51.4 51.2 53.8 41.0 36.5 34.5 31.3 56.0 51.4 50.4 50.1 40.8 50.0 70.9 66.3 66.4 68.9 75.9 70.1 64.7 39.4 34.8 37.4 35.4 75.6 69.3 81.5 1911 1912 1913 1914 69.6 68.9 60.5 69.1 39.6 32.2 29.0 38.6 54.6 50.6 44.8 53.8 65.4 70.7 62.9 67.8 38.2 32.7 37.5 36.8 51.8 51.7 50.2 52.3 1915 1916 1917 1918 59.5 62.2 61.1 64.1 34.1 46.8 50.8 62.4 1919 63.9 1920 1921 1922 57.9 66.2 521 ' f 58.9 54.0 54.0 62.5 60.0 66.6 66.6 64.3 28.8 34.3 34.3 43.6 44.4 81.8 82.6 96.0 92.9 92.2 66.2 63.2 63.2 6 .5 65.2 80.8 85.2 52.4 6 .8 70.4 39.9 55.1 66.7 30.3 48.5 83.6 51.1 66.9 68.1 68.5 63.1 80.6 80.2 79.3 81.3 84.3 88.7 56.3 56.8 48.2 6 .8 73.3 79.1 72.5 42.9 41.5 36.5 58.1 60.4 54.5 69.8 67.1 59.3 38.2 30.6 35.2 54.0 48.8 47.2 83.6 82.3 88.3 53.6 51.5 51.3 67.8 67.0 67.1 69.7 66.8 70.4 71.6 83.6. 98.5 82.4 76.6 79.6 79.8 82.0 84.0 86.1 88.1 52.2 53.0 52.6 53.9 74.6 75.7 78.0 69.3 41.4 44.6 44.8 40.8 58.0 60.2 61.4 55.0 68.2 68.5 68.7 64.1 34.2 36.2 32.2 36.2 51.4 51.6 50.4 82.2 83.7 83.3 83.1 50.5 51.7 51.7 66.3 91.8 97.0 93.8 66.3 61.5 62.3 65.8 6 .1 82.7 84.8 84.1 50.7 66.9 15.7 49.0 6 .4 6 .4 40.1 41.1 60.1 58.7 67.8 57.4 35.2 38.2 47.8 82.3 82.5 49.5 50.8 65.9 53.2 6..8 80.1 76.3 51.8 83.6 69.4 73.9 45.8 41.6 57.6 57.8 60.2 65.8 34.1 47.2 53.5 77.5 79.1 52.4 51.7 64.9 72.7 74.6 74.8 74.6 43.5 41.4 39.8 41.3 58.1 58.0 57.3 58.0 70.1 64.7 61.9 32.8 70.1 37.4 33.0 35.0 51.4 51.0 47.4 52.6 83.1 82.2 82.2 85.7 51.5 49.5 49.3 51.3 67.3 65.8 65.7 68.5 62.9 74.4 71.3 75.1 39.0 39.9 47.7 45.7 51.0 57.2 59.5 60.4 60.8 61.6 61.3 59.3 29.3 30.0 36.4 35.7 45.0 45.8 48.8 47.5 81.7 61.2 80.6 62.3 51.5 48.8 55.5 52.8 66.7 65.3 65.2 67.8 73.3 75.2 80.5 70.4 40.9 35.6 57.2 55.4 60.2 56.2 65.8 6 .2 7 .8 7 .0 36.1 29.5 31.0 36.3 49.4 47.9 80.7 83.2 83.8 82.6 51.9 50.2 55.8 51.9 65.9 66.6 66.3 67.3 93.4 55.0 57.9 54.1 73.6 75.6 74.5 101.1 97.4 97.8 70.4 62.8 68.5 44.8 43.7 46.9 65.7 59.1 61.7 66.3 86.6 92.1 89.7 89.1 49.3 57.2 54.6 53.9 68.0 74.6 72.2 71.5 95.8 101.1 97.0 101.6 66.0 64.1 61.8 64.6 80.9 82.6 79.4 83.1 98.5 102.4 101.3 99.4 74.5 74.2 73.3 69.5 86.6 86.3 86,3 84.4 97.4 98.6 99.3 95.6 80.1 44.3 62.2 87.8 52.2 70.0 98.4 62.4 80.4 100.8 70.íT 85.8 98.3 73.3 85.8 92.4 64.3 78.4 83.4 44.4 63.9 89.9 55.6 72.8 98.3 65.4 81.8 99.1 70. 84.9 91.3 70.6 82.4 91.8 62.3 77.0 72.5 86.1 94.7 66.1 80.4 86.2 53.9 6'.6 6 .4 6 .4 6 .4 7.0 47.7 58.4 79.9 49.3 64.6 94.1 61.4 77.7 99.1 69.3 84.2 79.0 45.0 62.0 89.0 50.4 69.7 100.0 601 80.0 100.2 72.1 86.2 93.3 29.8 81.8 95.6 62.6 79.1 86.9 50.8 6.8 83.8 82.2 82.0 86.3 46.6 46.1 44.8 47.4 65.2 64.2 63.4 53.3 49.6 49.5 55.7 70.8 68.2 68.6 75.3 78.0 79.2 81.4 82.8 99.7 96.7 98.6 101.7 72. 85.8 83.8 85.0 85.8 95.7 83.0 82.4 82.8 85.4 96.6 95.1 92.5 98.0 63.4 61.2 63.2 80.0 78.2 66.1 77.8 82.0 83.0 87.8 87.8 55.7 44.7 47.6 53.1 626 94.7 99.0 70.3 69.8 70.9 71.6 83.6 99.2 100.1 101.4 59.3 59.2 66.8 88.3 86.7 87.7 94.9 96.7 42.1 36.8 44.7 58.4 58.8 53.0 63.1 78.3 68.3 70.7 47.1 43.5 37.1 45.2 6 .7 5 .9 5 .9 6 .7 82.6 74.4 80.7 82.7 47.1 53.7 51.6 52.2 56.5 72.7 70.7 71.1 73.6 96.6 100.1 96.8 97.5 65.8 59.6 66.9 81.4 83.0 78.2 82.2 96.1 94.6 71.1 68 68.6 71.3 99.3 96.5 97.5 98.1 70.8 68.8 69.5 70.4 84.2 94.2 94.6 93.3 94.0 68.2 59.1 62.8 66.1 81.2 76.8 78.0 60.0 62.7 81.0 84.6 82.0 51.4 50.3 49.2 51.6 6' .0 6 .6 98.2 83.6 81,6 83.5 83.1 85.0 82.6 83.5 49.0 91.7 89.8 90.0 90.8- 63.1 43.0 47.4 64.8 58.7 64.0 65.8 51.0 57.9 50.1 54.6 67.3 5 8.. 6. .6 56 177.1 45.3 61.2 64.0 50.2 50.8 66.9 70.2 1.1 61.8 64.2 66.6 69.6 98.6 100.4 101.5 101.2 63.9 59.9 62.9 69.7 81.2 80.2 82.2 85.4 99.0 97.8 99.2 99.6 72 8 87.2 84.4 85.5 86.2 100.4 96.1 98.7 95.5 73.4 69.6 67.5 68.1 86.9 82.8 83.1 81.8 93.7 94.0 94.3 97.0 63.2 64.8 65.9 65.8 78.4 46.0 43.4 47.2 83.7 90.1 84.0 86.5 75'5 78.3 73.1 75.9 40.3 44.9 34.2 45.9 87.9 83.6 90.8 86.5 60.8 48.9 50.9 53.4 95.4 70.8 83,1 96.3 70.0 83.2 89.5 64.3 76.9 72.9 42.1 57.5 68.0. 37.5 52.8 81.0 91.2 86.1 92.1 52.3 52.0 54.8 71.8 69.0 73.4 97.9 97.2 101.7 61.7 61.6 64.4 79.8 79.5 83.0 103.6 95.9 99.5 71 2 96.1 94.4 97.8 60.9 63.1 65.6 77.2 78.6 80.6 57.0 75.1 38.6 56.8 65.6 29.0 47.3 82.1 65.7 89.2 52.0 70.6 58.3 69.4 39.4 54.4 63.6 50.8 67.0 86.3 52.6 61I.4 78.1 70.7 38.5 7118 87.4 84,1 85,6 93.5 94.2 95.6 47.6 79.1 77.5 58.5 61.6 60.6 82.6 81.8 84.2 49.2 40.8 44.0 49.8 69.1 69.1 70.6 797 82.5 65.6 72.0 82.4 50.3 88.7 64.2 {{.0 65.5 100.6 6 48.0 55.4 48.4 3.0 35.4 53.0 70.5 36.7 53.6 83.1 50.3 68.7 47.6 64.2 92.5 56.1 74.3 97.2 59.6 78.4 97.5 7115 84.5 92.5 69.1 80.8 92.8 60.6 76.7 84.8 46.0 6b.4 68.0 43.2 56.0 59.6 40.0 49.8 81.4 50.8 66.2 80.7 84.4 100.8 72.5 86.6 78.2 40.8 59.5 63.2 37.6 50.4 83.8 50.7 67.6 73.8 65.5 6777777.4 56.1 103.4 47.4 91.6 97.4 87.3 6i.6 86.1 81.8 45.4 71.5 66.2 77.7 100.7 74.9 95.6 65.0 80.3 100.8 75 6 88.2 96.8 70.5 83.6 94.2 62.3 78.2 81.7 54.5 .1 71.4 41.3 63.5 37.1 50.3 51.6 67.5 92.5 57.3 83.4 65.4 56.2 46.2 6 84.7 64.5 82.5 99.8 2 85.5 7 .2 76.0 40.2 59.0 61.1 39.8 50.6 82.5 52.9 67.8 72.0 100.5 56.1 55.2 68.4 86.3 88.8 93.4 80.9 64.7 72.0 86.0 77.6 -- -- 51.8 99.9 47.9 44.2 45.0 64.8 62.9 55.5 63.5 98.9 100.0 64.9 62.7 100.8 101.8 98.1 73.2 72.7 74.5 87.2 71.6 71.0 71.7 84.0 83.5 84.2 92.7 96.7 92.8 65.1 65.4 66.6 79.9 81.0 79.7 87.3 87.1 85.6 50.9 54.0 53.8 79.1 72.7 44.3 43.6 61.7 57.9 61.9 64.3 34.7 35.4 48.3 49.8 83.3 83.6 52.4 52.0 68.0 67.8 862 96.3 96.1 - 96.7 621 55.6 80.3 82.0 81.6 87.0 59.7 73.2 75.4 73.2 97.1 623 90.9 91.0 90.8 71.6 36.4 54.0 71.5 34.1 52.8 82.0 50.8 66.4 71.6 85.3 95.2 61.3 78.2 85.1 49.5 6 .3 70.4 45.2 57.8 65.0 35.6 50.3 82.2 52.4 67.3 82.2 85.2 85.8 63.6 93.6 96.0 95.6 95.5 67.4 65.3 67.6 63.7 80.5 80.6 81.6 79.8 86.0 63.0 88.1 89.5 51.7 52.7 55.8 51.7 68.8 67.8 77.0 66.3 79.3 77.8 72.7 41.7 40.6 40.9 40.7 54.0 60.0 59.4 56.7 61.9 59.8 70.3 65.1 35.0 34.5 34.2 38.9 48.4 47.2 52.2 52.3 81.2 81.7 82.9 84.9 53.1 51.1 50.6 67.2 66.4 66.8 69.0 87.9 49.8 65.8 84.7 52.5 71.6 73.0 54.6 59.9 66.3 65.6 51.5 50.8 81.3 83.5 59.4 67.4 54.3 82.9 51.5 52.2 51.6 53.8 68.4 36.7 35.9 41.2 37.3 53.0 82.8 51.9 66.5 67.9 67.2 67.4 762 ' - 62.7 64.3 94.9 71 71 701/ 519 2.8 6' .7 70.4 6$.9 63611.8 7 .7 62.5 33.6 48.0 71.5 38.3 54.9 64.4 66.6 63.4 47.6 39.3 37.5 32.6 51.8 52.0 48.0 68.8 71.7 68.6 41.5 36.4 36.5 55.2 54.0 52.6 70.0 78.2 73.5 39.6 43.2 37.4 54.8 90.7 55.4 1923 70.9 37.2 54.0 67.7 39.8 53.8 72.2 39.7 1924 64.8 72.6 36.0 54.3 67.8 36.9 65.8 60.6 32.7 48.8 1925 1926 29.5 31.8 47.6 46.2 74.1 38.6 56.4 79.8 41.2 56.0 52.4 60.5 72.4 38.2 55.3 73.7 45.5 59.6 1927 38.2 33.2 32.5 54.8 50.8 48.0 69.4 67.3 62.9 43.1 36.6 36.6 56.4 52.0 49.8 71.7 77.4 71.5 40.6 43.2 40.0 57.6 60.8 1929 71.4 68.4 63.5 5513 81.5 81.6 79.6 1930 62.1 37.5 49.8 72.9 38.8 55.8 70.4 42.7 56.6 84.1 51.7 67.9 85.6 54.3 70.0 98.9 66.5 82.7 97.6 74 2 85.9 99.0 1931 1932 1933 1934 64.1 49.8 42.7 41.5 31.7 40.3 53.6 54.6 47.5 56.4 73.7 72.6 76.6 82.1 41.9 42.2 38.9 45.7 5 7:8 63.9 - 81.5 81.6 77.3 86.0 52.9 45.4 43.9 52.0 67.2 63.5 60.6 69.0 89.9 89.6 85.3 96.2 56.9 53.8 48.9 60.5 73.4 71.7 67.1 78.4 96.7 97.6 98.5 96.7 66.3 61.6 66.3 62.8 81.5 79.6 82.4 79.8 102.0 97.5 101.1 101.0 75,1 73 5 73.8 74.6 4. 88.6 85,5 87,4 67,8 94.0 48.6 49.4 64.4 67.7 63.3 72.4 57.9 57.4 62.4 66.6 35.4 29.4 33.0 32.1 99.1 95.0 70.5 72.5 72.5 72.4 1935 65.6 43.2 55.0 68.5 41.6 64.7 83.0 52.2 67.6 100.0 64.0 82.0 99.8 71,6 85.7 93.9 70.7 82.3 92.1 64.5 78.3 67.6 38.7 75.0 70.8 83.8 91.9 63.3 77.6 52.8 54.2 71.1 72.1 56.0 82.3 86.0 83.3 95.5 95.9 68.2 66.6 81.8 81.2 89.0 86.9 53.1 70.0 70.2 57.16 72.5 69.0 37.5 46.8 41.2 37.3 67.1 41.2 52.4 37.2 41.3 53.I 28.1 37.2 68.3 67.0 40.5 43.1 6 .6 7 .0 54.4 :4 .82.2 96.8 1937 1938 48.8 43.2 48.2 53.2 55 0 65.7 52.1 66.7 1936 38.6 1939 1940 63.6 67.6 32.5 38.5 45.5 52.8 75.7 76.9 42.8 42.9 59.2 59.9 64.3 50.4 52:6 58.5 67.1 1941 37.2 37.5 69.3 45.0 57.2 71.2 43.9 1942 66.1 38.2 52.2 65.7 36.0 50.8 73.5 37.5 57 6 1943 1944 65.4 63.8 36.8 33.3 51.1 48.6 72.1 65.0 39.7 37.0 55.9 51.0 76.1 72.2 Means 64.8 34.8 49.8 67.8 37.7 52.6 73.5 40.3 52.3 °Averages for 1891 riot included in general averages 66.6 69.0 31.4 31.9 67.5 67.0 54.0 58.4) 71.6 43.3 50.3 ' 99.7 31.5 57.2 66.3 64.7 66.4 93.2 91.8 95.5 _ 48.6 47.8 1a°' 51.5 50.8 50.8 96.4 6..7 67.2. 73.6 81.9 81.9 81.4 84.0 84.0 84.8 85.8 80.1 83.2 6 .5 39.6 42.2 33.0 37.6 39.3 36.0 50.4 50.4 53.9 82.8 49.1 36.0 40.2 41.3 38.0 38.0 43.4 81.8 72.4 73.4 73.0 82.3 73.4 79.7 85.7 71.3 76.5 70.1 70.1 81.6 72.3 71.2 71.2 Mean 69.1 92.1. 72.1 54.6 46.5 46.5 53.4 97.8 93.9 93.9 Mean min. 95.7 94.5 96.5 63.8 65.2 67.4 50.7 57.2 87.1 84.5 84.5 86.0 7.8 81.1 77.7 77.7 87.6 85.0 85.2 Mean max. 96.5 45.1 46.4 51.5 36.0 39.6 Mean 85.0 87.2 86.2 82.5 84.0 88.3 65.4 74.8 Mean min. 86.2 61.4 i 49.6 46.2 Mean max. Mean 74.1 76.5 73.6 99.2 ) 38.0 31.8 Mean Mean min. 72.) 73.8 44.6 Mean min. Mean max. 96.0 97.8 98.7 57.8 78.3 Mean max. Mean 100.3 91.6 53.2 Man Mean min. 80.4 65.1 41.0 Mean min. Mean max. 63.1 46.0 65.5 Mean max. Mean 58.4 84.9 58.4 I 99.0 96.9 98.8 ` 41.4 Mean Mean max. L min. 79.2 83.6 77.0 61.1 65.7 it. Mean 76.1 71.5 71.5 97.2 101.4 95.6 76.6 54.5 Mean min. 61.6 72.3 72.3 52.4 34.4 Mean max. 52.9 54.6 54.0 37.1 50.7 Mean 86.2 87.8 90.6 70.7 38.6 Mean min. 63.6 63.6 64.7 33.1 39.4 Mean max. 44.7 46.3 48.1 57.0 56.0 ' 56.9 ; 33.7 29.5 Mean 79.0 81.0 ; 81.3 43.6 41.8 40.0 39.4 Mean min. max. i', 70.4 70.3 69.8 64.9 68.5 61.5 Mean Mean 52.8 54.0 47.3 49.2 51.3 45.2 . C Ú 1893 1893 1894 N m m., 1891 Mean min. cl Wmm gig ^ m.. m mm ti m mm Wmo- o-om o-mm .ra ñ m..m tid°° Ng mgm mma_ o-nm mmt tiNm S,ñrm o- N.+o 5 was mNn Mean max. Annual December November October September August July June May April March February January 1.9 ¡ 0.3 60.9 - -- - 1 ¡ .. -.2 1 49.1 52.8 71 0 71'8 723 71 96.0 79.4 80.1 81.4 71.6 6j.7 7P 399 42.1 64.5 75.1 61.7 41.2 53.0 49.0 53.0 669 48.4 66.9 94.0 56.6 75.3 101.7 66.0 83.8 100.8 62.8 65.5 91.9 89.2 55.7 53.4 73.8 71.3 98.1 98.6 64.4 65.1 81.2 81.8 100.6 98.6 72.7 72 0 70 3 86.8 45.3 48.7 86.3 84.4 99.4 97.6 100.4 101.6 74 0 71 3 87,2 97.7 71.4 84.6 93.2 65.7 79.4 84.1 50.9 67.5 62.2 83.1 52.9 68.0 69.8 83.9 93.6 66.1 79.8 84.8 54.1 65.4 40.8 56.0 68.3 44.0 56.2 83.5 53.2 68.4 86.4 98.0 71.1 58.8 82.6 82.6 56.2 74.0 76.0 65.5 66.3 39.4 55.7 99.8 98.9 73.1 92.0 93.1 49.2 50.4 49.4 67.2 65.4 75.2 84.0 81.5 60.6 89.5 55.8 72.6 97.3 62.5 79.9 100.1 71 61.6 81.2 103.1 74 3 67.1 67.2 52.5. 100.9 41.8 67.8 72.5 63.7 52.4 50.7 92.5 95.5 75.1 77.3 81.7 83.6 63.7 83.2 84.4 67.0 67.1 51.4 51.2 46.8 69.7 70.6 50.3 51.3 59.2 59.6 80.6 96.6 98.1 83.6 82.9 39.0 34.7 55.5 85.8 88.7 78.8 79.6 63.8 45.1 63.0 43.4 76.0 94.5 42.3 40.9 59.2 47.7 47.2 67.6 63.8 92.8 90.0 54.5 56.4 73.6 73.2 98.5 98.5 63.8 62.4 81.2 80.4 102.1 102.7 7 7 5 5 86.3 87.6 96.8 101.3 68.7 73.8 82.8 87.2 96.6 94.1 62.8 65.4 79.7 79.9 85.5 87.0 53.6 56.2 68.6 76.5 76.3 68.1 41.1 41.3 58.7 54.6 65.3 64.3 38.1 36.5 51,7 50.4 84.5 82.4 51.6 54.2 68.1 68.3 56 .6 87.6 80.5 85.3 96.9 70.7 83.8 94.4. 64.3 79.4 85.3 49.4 82.5 52.3 67.4 71.9 2 35.6 54.7 7 65.2 89.6 99.3 57.7 64.9 81.0 41.4 46.7 53.7 161.0 63.6 73.9 57 5 98.8 E18.7 41.4 59.0 ; 79.6 THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 53 .-.00 m.-1m d!WU) .+.r.-1 CO WN NMO ONN com. MNO .--I domO COMO NWO NCOW NOM OMM OM. OWO WNO ONN WN. O OOO OOON ©064 NeonO NWO OnO NWO NWCO CO OO NOD NWO O NMCO NWCO OWCO covo NOCO OMN OOd! d!Nä N Od! O NCO CnWd! MCnw oWO W. WOC ":MO cl q4! Na!M N.-IN Ow,. N O.. . ciNNW r. . . . ONCO NCOO CONO NNCO NCntO ONM NOM COO.-, OM."1 NCOCO M CONO .1OCO MNN Ocio COM4 W.N 'scrim CnMW CnMW CONW tONW OMM COWCO CnMW Cn CONW CDMW OMW . . . . . . O.tiO 0.,., moo ..N.-1 d!..N mom NNC) cow. MCOd! d!O.n O NNN N N N o.-IM NOMC[j COtl.ü CDCW000 COMW NWCOO COOCOníOn OO CMn CpM COMCNO NMCq comm MCO COÑM CWOÑC OOm ONN NO.-1 ..co CONo OMN OM.0 COC7o OOM mom N COWCO MOO NWM O .WCO 0W.WWO Mü WO dO ÑO iiOOOMCO ÑOÓ O como OM. pOCO COMOOÌOWNmONW4ti CO CO .yOW M.-CO COSNO O.CUO N000O coma. OC)d! .-C.-CO WWW COd!CO Cn OOCO ON.! pWdt.-C CO Ñ O°oáCO GWC.NyCCOO come- C7N)tOOÑ NOímOL-N- aODr oO)mONO mmñ ODmN °O MOO OOtan)Ñ C)iÑ MNCO mo. WCOey d!CCOO CyCOCO COCOCl OOW OOCO NNW COWCO O OM.-! d!d!O) OCOC) DC7ti..WN cocci. NMÓ 0.1C0C:1 C)COM 4N.i C:.-Ìd ÓCVN OÓ4 EV.VCÓ MO]M moorNCÓO CO CO OuN moor. mow NNO ONO OoO O4N OON mow ONO ACN moor- wawa d!t.! CnMO NL;O m.-Ct; WN.-C ova. ONOJ CnWd! NNO) N WCOCO owe,' .coo ÓCOM ONW MO4 OOW ONttS NMO NN M.iN coWUO moo C7) CC)W MüjO) COC]M NOO OCON mint- mom ONO OCOCO moor. ONO NO mow CO CnN mor. moo M W.-CM comm comm .iNCO M000 NNM edOCO d!COO ONtn COWd! d!NO OOd! CONW CO 0M. ó N N ó N wm ó r e- o mo. á;mN w., MCOM OCOW WOO L:MCO O.-iW OoOM ONdC !COCO O'NO. OMO r- COOM NCON CONd! CO comm OOe- Mi OfO Co WO OOWO co CO comm CMO ñf ówOO ONOÑMü OWÑ WOWOWN WcoÑ CO ) coma.. O.-CO d!N.0 00ON COWCn WNN rim= NMO CONW NNO O e-CNN ONCO OCON MCÓC) CC)P1M .000P) NMWCOO COMCn NL`N C)NÓ tid.-C NWO NWCOCOCVC) COM4 .MM NMCOno. NWOÓÓCO OCOCO NC)CO NWO ovo NCnO444 NWCO NWO OwCV OWCI ONM C0d!O cieco LOMíry C[ÑW CWONdO COOdOCWO CO.CW ONO COCOCOOL_ COCOW Oqd!CO C"MCO C] NCOW OMCO CO.-ooCN LN COO ÑdNCCIi COCOCCNO NO comm COOWnO') CWOMCO co O COOMdO tiMCWO ÑeXI Od.N COMO COCON NCOO 00C1 I: NNCO NMO NNN OMN d!O.- N CNCyNt; OOd! d!NCC dNÑCO CCÌjÑW CNOMOW OMCn CNOCOOdO COMdO COOCOOCMO CD mdWCNO CmC)MW COn COÑW COCCOw COMCOI CO OCO COCnO eyNCO COOL; NL--O MNN OOCO NOCO CnCON O OON WNM CO NOO M g iWCC gMd CO dÑM d OÑd .da-Ñ~NNNO]ÑMNNÓMCNppN~NOODw COÑM OM 7Md ÑOW CO COCd C mm má m m m m m m Cka ro c 22 AC CAA CAA mCmmm AAA mmm ACC mmm CCC CAC CCC CC CCC mmm CA moo mom mom CCC mmm CA.0 mmm mom mmm mm vow (DOW NON WOG) CUN m + m CO 7 m N C Ñ CO m Cy O Z d) CO O o i m oO + CO m Ñ Ci W N CO .-1 ß N 41 cs .1 m CO á. + Ú O U a :C U U v O v O U O . ó ^ Ú .mn ó U W mó ó ó0 U g m S. ó U ami G) ó U , N CC xA ó CO i '0 a CO U U W CO ' CO CO > co s°, UU m oA A 5 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 CC' C M D) L- IEnuuy Oa(1 M N M mm. . C- O eN CM tg CpMW .T .-I tO 00 0 01 O f0 0 cD . N . 00 0 Co Ñ4 CO-MW cc- MCMC) COOMW C-.-CC NOrO! ....M WNN CC)C-CC CMÑeX ONC.O-Ñ COOMU) C-..O' ONC-1 NOM NOà C-C-m C.MM ..COO1 MMO CCMC>? CCM LCMC.1 CMOÑ CCM CMDdCi CDMC ÑCOO CFM C[Ñil . . . AON CCON CNC)ÑM 130 0,-,,0 M N C WMCCn .CNDMW p.. . WCNC)CCD . . . CÖÑM W.NCÑ . . CD OC M CO C UO . . . CM-uOOCO PO WLLO]CN- NOLO OtDCO CDNCO CC-M C'gCy tome/. . M ul M ..q. WCDCO- gM2 CyDMW UOMW COMU) OCC.N . «] ÑCCJCp . . ÑM . . . . 0.c) ,-,10 0 CC) N M CCJ N ÑdCCND 22Ñ C~ONW .ÑMt NC-O! NCN NMdC MCOC COOCO MOM CC)CC)O .NM C-CDC- NO.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '3daS mOCñCO- CM--WCñ pClCCOÓC WOMCMD ÑOUC) WCÓÑ mMÑ ÓCCD CO-MU) .. d!C-CD OCnO CCOCC CC)CCM OCOC- C-,r00 MCO. COOCO ....0 M.-.M CCOM C.NN MNO -.u[L`J AInl acml )frig 'ICI 'PTA' CCDC- .,r-'-' O! O) C On)UMOCM- WCOn2 NNC- C-.:.. MCDC- C-c4.4; CDCnN COCD.-i comm MCCMCDC- ONC C-OCD M.-CC. 2t-co MCC)C- c0.00'-' C- CC M O N .--I O.-C C- .1,00? O CO.--C o E <4 z 0.1 CO áD < z a E,,,, O i1 F 0 x 1..' U x tn xO O ir ß x í r+ EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 179 56 IEnuII ICNM tDMtn inOC- WNM ICC-M QIL:O) 0O,..11!) W.-,N IfJMeN M'-1O ifl MNN ONIC CtOO CAO CA.-Itn C-C-N CDtD.-. NN COC-IC CO MWM t'' 3T CDMM ÑICM COICtO CDMO nICtD COMIC C ICM t-MtO CD tnC-.i NtO .-tICtn O)NtO .NCO MC-O CDICO .velo 'aa(j COMINO COOMIC dM tÌiMdMt tMOMw we,M 1qP')i1 ON. ,-CD O N CD tt) AON 33O .-I d! O [-. M C- tN--:4tWO 2W2 CÑW tpW,7 tOOMdOi O) .a Cn CAW .-1 N M OJ C Oi N tD [- .1 W tICnÑdOt COOMtñ iMÑCt] COOMIC tMnÑIC NCAN W.-It tOMIC MOM t-om C-NO? mot- CONIC OMCD LL)O).I OMtICOti g 2 g CMOMífi [M-IOtND ÑdNtCOO CDOW')tMO CW-WCND 224 [M-wCD [M-2M ONO 206 có ICtO22t-' WOM ÓCO tn CO CMO OnC MNW O-O O O[;O tOt;.'! OCM tOO. C-M NMO HC;C 3dag .-tCAW OICN COC-CO M w.IC1Ñ dWÑM WOyM ti QO)v.CM- PUM á)CODÑ mtptnD 2 M.-tN tnICIC .'CICN .1MCO .tMIC mou; C-tAIC tnW..-t tONCA MOM N . MOO . . .2n6, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O) M M .t tG1 M tO CD.-C O O O .I [- CA C- M.-Itfi CAMCO MO. CiC.Oi CAMIC .Clio MCON 44NC- NNC- ICCACD CA Ot-M tnC-M mor- =or- mor- mot- mom Oint D Ot-M CAtOt- CO SMIC CONIC .-1d;.-I aunp . mom D)rM mor- =or mot- mor- mom o-oto mom rntn M CA d! N ONO M M O) WM,' O) N+-t Alnp . NO+M tDOM COICO MtOCD [-o-N CAMM tnICO O.-Itn MCAO9 .-tMtn C- VC-IC Mt-0 C-CAO MNM CMOO) VOM C:OO) .-I MO. MC-Il] coo MOW C-OOÓ 460 .t OMW CAMM MICM MMt- MCnti MintWM[- MICO C-tnC- CO .itnM t-C-N OC-CO MOCO C-CVÓ MCA.i Md!e- t-.yW OOWC -MCA NMtf, C- C- t- OdC1 COMO MC- ttl CO iEA MCE- WMM CMO P-fp O0 MICC~ WMp ~Mt WLO WpO o- 'adv MMM t-MN OONO OCO? MO.-! O.-0 NNM OdO OOM [OO A WwtP,70-2 Mgw O0H MMG 22~ PUM 824 Ñwt~ O LO--2M 'IRK CMD ICMtO OMM OMO OMtO oil= MOCA MON CMO .-CNN CCDM M Ñdn covo OÑIC woo MICVt Maio OCn =NM OO MÑV NMNOio OOÑOMNOp NMnW W.W0 OtON CnM NCAO . . 4a3 tnCAL V!OCO MICM NICM MICM RR.' tO vi Mo . ñM ti ú MVO ÑM 11ijMd WNM d°)tOM9oMa COOMw dOt.OIM tOnMw tpÑCMa i 'uEj,` tO.t-.-t N.00 Cy)OO CCIMC-t CAMCA molt": NOVI .-i.-m) OtOC- OOO W Miti. .-1MN MtroÓ .-CNN MCAO Ó ttiC- MÓM ..aiM CCtOyaefi tMMbi O) . . . . M. . CCpp. . d.a g g CA M uoílEAal,. ei (s.I[S) p.xOaaa M 3o Woo,' Cunoa . . COMM tnMW WC-CM tnMIC WNM IC.-tN tOMW IC.tiN ICNM IC.-IN m. ro.á xx CCC zCC CCC Ogg CCC CC moro mmm mrom mom mom mmCC mm XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX (laa3) . O O On LO- O Ñ tó tri Ñ .~-1 .0i m C o á IC O .Nt tfî M Ñ O tâ CÌS > > ú O W IOO tci di Ñ M o N > .0 o á XXX XXX XXX co IC m IC CCC mom CCC moo CCC mom C m CO C z v ro xx . M M ci co ,.MC o m > z .IC O O CO V+ .-î .Lo Q .01 ú C u o OO Coj o m Q w á ä C .2, uoi lElj` O o Ú O a ti ii W Ñ 0 x y u á S O THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 57 M C- CD N O M 0.-ir- co co 0 W co 0 W N W O N o N . CM N ,.ch W-C to-M - O. M. W. ON . O oNO Com. MOC coo, coo= woo wow C-..')tD O ca.faC caoN a O s. Ú Z á O SÚ ñ ä N CO W CO .-1 VI cd .-, ; Pd ä. o z., ',21 0 N O 0 co y U R C- .-i ç, mmt WWW XXX N d «: U F c á 74 K W m ir m m cd w 0 x W # o o 0 0 -+ 0 o m v d V .0 00 G z z ó S Ti w omm EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 58 iEnnLiÿ MON .TpW fDM.-I WQ.teM CROW MNN .ReMQ0 Mt-t0 MCOtp L-0000 000 OWd1 WMW comm Odt.- NW0 ON ,d,0W.yO) COMM0006 C-M0 WM0 WOO WOC eMWO WOC- =MT), t-MO (ocomm aaQ OtAtJ) MWto WWM WWO C]Wv OMd Ot-tf) OdW W.-.O t:d!M í~t)ÑM WMW tMÑM wÑM tOOMtÚ tOOMtp VO..n-I-IM dOM MM. uOd 0ÑM eON WMO tONt9 MN.- MMM O)0Ot t-MO MMO WNO d!tOto COC-O MOM M WWN 1fJ.-IW eNM O dWO] t`W. OMd tWt0-000.-1M WNd. ONW LeMO t-dW COMM ONd.6m WNW .6M WNd WOd t-.ti0 iao 1.dag tN.ttO) Wtö W0-CO MOW aM0)N WNM tf)NCR OCO) Nd1t`9 O..0) M1tyfJ Ñw°ü Wt4OÑ WCtCOiC- tnOMO CN-mm ÑMtt CO Ú uopE3s >-, O , troC iá ° -i c, .ol CO G m ^ á. á >4 a0)i f=. a. R . `a 0 W dt dN. ai ° .0 O CAriO 000) CO WCOOÑ =Mm MG7M mCMCÑ Wwm cM--wíOfj pJCMOMO mm, CMCOCCO CO CMOM mC~--W mCOCCM--- mom I'41' Ci!I'.-t V!CMM OMM C.-1.-t OMC- COMrt WM= MIhN MI'M O MM O Nti MM.; [E-G4 OC-O CACOM C[.00 CAC-M MMCO MI'O .-tNCO CÑMO MMO NCMCi Mm, N.iCD M01' MCON OtM OC-CA CACOM MMN MM00 0.C-M CACOM MMC- OC-lA OC-M .-t .9 .--I .i .-1 M M.-I Ct! t- 0 COCCO WM. M.-I I' Mm. r1 C- M C M C- WM. MM. M.111 ..o! mom CO M CO CC .t C- OMCM CÑOf.-1 CACT;I' .-ICCJM .mai MMM C-CO.-1 MC-M CACOM etWO WNCC) ri000j MMI' MCCC-' Ot-CC OC-W CACOM OC-M CACON OC-M OC-01 QJCOM MMC- MMCO OC-M Ot-M qm, C0 00 M O N.-1 t- C0 C0 COCCI' COCCO M CO M MON L-.0... COCCI' .-1 0.-I CC)MC7) MOP: CVO>M COCCO jMW 00m NCHM C4M MMM GMM NMI' 0.-t't MOM OCOM MME-... OOM 00N 000M OCOM OJMC" MWO M1'CO OCOM 000M MMO OC-M COCO. OI'M IOCt? COI'CO MMM WC-.--I CANO OMC- O>CDM mm al MMW C-Nd! MMN tM----dW1COO OC00GM-- mm WgOtfO WCQCJÑ C00C.1CM0 ONiCtW-- OWiCMCCW- WdMtCMO ÑdOtCMC OMt pOjCCjC.- OMCOCCO- 4L-Cri ,mm C-I'rt NMN d!CAC CA.tiO 0I'C MM.M CnCO.C- MrtM MOd! OC-M 1'.irt CMOMC.0 WCCCC00 COCjCMO MM. CO-mm tW-CMCt00 WdMtCp WWCNO tO-.g.-itCOO COOMC~C COOMCCMC WdMtCMO WCp M MC-M CANM COMM .-!NM OI'CO r!MN OI'M qmm rtC7C .WNM MC-117 C-Cq NNW í7 CM VCCMCC V1u7 C-I'O ,NCO ÑCC C-W.4,7 O OM MWm GÑ1'0MW~ M C t`OMÑ000MOÑ OÑ CÑO, MNN .-0000 CO.-iL` .COC-C- CCC-CO WCDCC C!OCA MCCjC- Wri, CC!NM mom OMC- coo, tI'CÑI' t~--Mm ÑCCÌj CÓMW CMOMü~] COCMCt,t CDMCp COMCp CMOpN7W mNM dMtOM C,OMM CMOMCOt ,C-M COCCO NMCC NC7.-I COMM MCCCO C-MtC MMM .CON .-!.yC MMCO W.--IC mom CÑC9 MMCOO COCCI' Ñii .7t1 CiO1 'cg. AA iyFi q F C q--11 CO 0 M CO .y Y0 COMCIMC CMCMI' MMdMt CDMI' COMI' COÑd1't W.MIM ctl0l.a .a1l Ñ.i C3ii a Fi A F1A Citl1 AA [-k-3t0 .arr [611 AFi NI AG II ICCt1 - FiFI W.-M-iÑ CNOI 1t AFC Ñ1I NN- FiF CMDMI' C0MVWt Nt -00 CCI aII r-1A AFi 0 # 000 C m roromurororommrs m rotu roamm .rosroturommro %" % #ii gi NC # Cii Aii Cii g FCAFi FCFi/1 FCFiG -iH' FiH'Fi AFIFi /FIG -(-.F1 -/iFi GFiG GFiFi FiFi-I C C i11 C11 .-t C- M M N #lI CO. g11 41 11 O .-Î M M N CO CO 0 M CC CO O z41 g1111t11 zII gYI C1 II 0 M .-i 0 O O N 0 CO 0 W N M M .0 O M C- N N M CO I' -7 I' CO N M M CO N M C1 CO CO 1 C1 C1 0 CO M 0 O N CO' .-i O N N M C1 00 . M .7 N N M m ro ro ° j E as m á m ä X o , ro m c 0, 0 ¢ m m E 2 .,4 >, 0 R N A x ro v[* .. ? ° o M v x I m ó cd cVa cd M v v ro ro M M n is M r Úm v M EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 60 rgWV 000 ,tl!r '.NN WCOr OeHL: LoMW Wd!CO rNü1 m rrN IEriUUFi ñ4,',7; P:MrrNi WtCNi gjtMrg WrOgtrO «,','Ag tpM74 MMdMt rMgMWW írf,f t00MOW Oaa .00 OOtO rW.-. rrr rM0 rr.. r0.M rM0 04jd! M d!ON .-Ì000 rrOM gat rgON MM0 MNM MrgN tJ.--IM W.-1M N gag rOMWN.-+tD ONM oMrn rOMW OWrg W.--Ir] OdN W IfiNM 'AOjj MMQj OWrg 0MM rqMW rg..O 0.-10 rtM.. WcOUJ N MWrg rtgW rDtMNrOMW MMMrWrg WOr rrq0 N..N rgNW ONrtrONW 000 NOrp M rTrfjN rOMrq NrriW rONW MWrO rgNM W rgNW Wr.-i d.rOO Nt0t0 MMM Or71r O.--IO comm MW0 orW ,.NCO 130 '3daS C00u7 NW0 Corgrg ON.t r.-rt!! OOM OMü] Wrr)O Mq°ctO- M'4rMO 8rr32 mrñr°'o rnrMO°M m°M mtg Ñwron 'rif7 MNO rNW N..W r.-40 MOW W0r rNr7! OrgN WrqN rMÓ rOtON M0M MMM tONW rWÓrWro M0W OrDM Mrnr órr7r Mrnr órM OrM Mrgr N M M rMO MC.-r Md!r0 rOM.-r room .-.NW O Md! AM' MNO 0 OWN MWrMO V.MrWq kV: ÑWr00 WrOqrMO WrOOÑ PiMg r00ML2 rOMW rq rpMW orrmccó gr°'nti {rtyrCO-.ai OMrg W W.-1M `gdMirq r~-.,:g rg o r0rq.-r 0 0tl!.-r r0rqrf,l d! .mm rgtp.-1 .-r 00rq rWCD r MWtO gr°rgÑ.tOO$ ám rnrWr,Ñ mm mcó ti Mmr°nc`Oo M.-iM .rCJ Md!r MMrD rg,r 0..t0 ..rnrG Nd!M NC-O r c00N aunt tOMO r-WM órDM rgrM Mrgr OjM. rVC`jCV r-Mrri FM .-1rgM rgOM W.y .-i 0qM MWCO ótoM arM MW 0 MW 0 rW g r Máto lAEyQ W0M .-IMr- Mr-rt0 OMM rgrgN 0MM Nrgd! oCOC7 M.-Ir- O rt-: M M r- r dÌ rO r . : M W.4 P j dÌ M rD .-i M .,r-r- ,-16 t7 Z ó rog co ° >t O rq m al cd U tE«t rC rg .t0-r ß xg O rn rn oa ÜI rn to Z R to >~ vi Á. rn g t~ 0.z o A á á íS cj al Ñ dtOt.M-rM a goo z o o goo t~ t~ o zoo i~ oo go t~ cocota b ('S.IS) p.xOOa,z UOiEls + ró Op mm- oM.-I OWM WMO 0000 OMrg WNr MO.i MNN CO WMrO t°o 2punoU P NWM Od!O mote MNM r eNNM oi Ó Mtomo 0 ri Ó ó ÓrMrg ó M rMWrO tr to rri rg r- M.-Im 46= rWrO Mrgr roco tor+irg tONW LiOITEAaj t ;o IIYuaZ . d! W moo rw .-i W g nÑ v rn w rn r~ THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 61 : NOM tOMO MW.-1 OO10 tOMW =OM MON WeMQJ OCDCO MNM 00010 MOCO ÑCNO WMCND WíMOtD . , CCND Ct0)0 CO"MiMO mCOD WtOCND CMO : WWCWO W00 O«)CN OM, 1000N NNO NO1! .NO OWN OOH MMM 44M u7N10 ,Mn N C)NMtO Ó O N CDM10 W W 00 0O W.-i Mon Mó. O t0 O) M OMW ONW 10NM OMO OMW MMtO CC)MU) COM.y NMM M W O onto M,. OMW DMW Ó.-I .- .iMM W.-tM CO.-iO NCOO NOCO nn, 01.-1 COG:O) MNO 1!NM MN.1! tD10N W1MCtÓ ÑdMCtp MCOÑ MüjC~- 00tOti Ot°)tOC`O : WMCMOCMO MCp WM . OMtO 10WN W10.0 COCO OC:0) OMO 100)tO 010N OMC; OM 10 NNN u)NCO ÑWCO CJMdm WMwm . . O(DN Ou)N OON OCOW moo Oto, OCOM OCOW . . . M40) 0,1010 000 .con moo NNO Wu')O) mm. N10M MNN .-ItOM C)dON oN.1 WM. =10M 10O6 M10M OM0) NNW OCOW COCON COCON O)NN CDCO.0 N000O 10M0) N.-CN pM.-1 11C000 qq. r:OtD 10MC10000 MÑ OMÑ . r.1WC~D . . . . ÑMin C0)0M NWWCMD m10tW0 . . . OOOoCNO mWCMO . 00CtO NM, Nu)1! NO). NO. 6610 10rI6 6106 tO10t0 ,10t0 N1000 ONO MWCÓ Mario NtOM COCOU] MN.-.o WON OCM MtOM 6010 10106 .-IHtp M06 M.-1N 6N6 610ei MNO C646 010t0 t0M10 t0M10 N10t0 N101C.) COMO N1000 NMCC) COMO WNtM u).-1W NMtO WMCO NN0) NM. WWO ONO MOM e-Id!M OWO COCON tIoMVNC tOM10 t00010 tONM COMtO CNOMM CNOMtWO 06 CNDMtNO 46O01100 N.r MMM 'WON 10M10 tom.* COM10 O. M. ro ro ro m m " 000 O 0RR ago zoo zoo a57z aza zaz ago Maaz MOM MMM MMM MMM MM ro M N t0 CD Ot0 .-1 .-i .i .-a t0 r-1 CO Cl M O M LZ M O' 0 O O. CO ci MMM moo Q00 WCCCSN O W MOM 00)0) OOO 0)00) OOO OOO 000 O vC) N O CA M O CO t0 10 M 10 N O 10. N M 10 , 'E O O N cHJ Co n 00 p Ch sz ri t0 M v o Ói V á, V R s. E ro E O o 0 ° FI O 10 .+ .-1 10 C0 N N N .--! O O N co .:t7 .0 1C) M íL M o o N N O M M M ä Á O 0 O OO U w ^ IDA O .r4. ° w ro Z,' OM ó m0 uO ÉE H É+ v v M Co E G á ÿ 7 I M ci 0 Co É+ . 10 N M N 10 N t0 N M° w ' t0 ú Co OO cka Cd. M. 000 ROR MMM MMM MMM MM 0 0 0 O O N C6M6 C-O4N-;TLo ONW COMtO OOO d!10O MMM ONT! NNO COMM COMM 0)1000 NON WQV 4M06 110) NÓ.i MMO MOtO N10,4 tom.* tONM 10.-iM COM10 COM10 COMtO COMM 00M10 t0N10 NOO MWN 10.i00 M. CMMtCCi ° ÿ Ú ^ . EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 62 ¿enuuy aaQ C-t[JN OWCA WWW =CON =N= NO)N WOP OCOCO PMCo 4.6 .64 W W CA .6h CA = P CC O N CO .= Ut CC A coma. PO)CO wino CNWtf) PMW COtf)P =CoCO COCOCO wino COCON CAOW CAW.. OMCO NOV! COWC`) CC)CA.-I .CNN .100 W.O-IM V=2M COOMi) tfiÑg CNO.=-IVO C=DiiCp =MCj CPOMCM Cpf`)tMO OCDCO COWCO CnN= CACOO COtG1CO COM0 00V!« MMCO CAOCO CPC)ÑM CMDMVOC ÑV=C ¡jCND rVOIIwC) C=OÑ W 17O ;dag 2n6. Sul". aunp ÁE ÑWC Wtn !)O OMO ONO OWN P.Q P.7 M p = O fO W N CO O.-C CO mintN M CA O O CO O CA CA N O CDMW PMC[) COCC)P PWCC) comm CA wino w== COU) P CDa!CO OWCA O.tCA most! P W ln CO P W V! CO O ohm CC) W O O V! N N CO O) w° WwCj s, a tl o .I .-C ., 2 ó IC . >1 tn ( ti CC O z LioIL'ls .N, m », w R a Cl % ñ cd o N xWoiC> Si a) ö ca t4 4 To A ca co, O cor, n CC Jan., '44 -Oct., '44 Sabino Canyon July, '41 -Dec., '44 Prescott (Airport) Aug., '42 -Dec., '44 Rakestraw Ranch Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Anvil Ranch Feb., '43- Sept., '44 Ash Fork (Airport) Jan., '44 -Oct., '44 Bartlett Dam Oct., '40 -Dec., '44 Betatakin Mch., '39 -Oct. '44 Burrus Ranch Jan., '44 -Nov., '44 Call of the Canyon Jan., '44 -Apr., '44 Chino Valley Jan., '43 -Dec., '44 Cochise (Airport) Jan., '44 -Dec. '44 Copeland Ranch Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Copper Mine Trading Post April, '39 -Dec., '44 Ehrenberg Jan., '42 -Dec., '44 Falcon Field Jan., '43 -Jan., '44 Frasier's Well Oct., '40 -Oct., '44 Gila Bend (Airport) Feb., '44 -Dec., '44 Grand Canyon No. 2 Jan., '43 -Dec., '44 Groom Creek Jan., '43 -Nov., '44 Helmet Peak July, '31 -Oct., '44 Organ Pipe Cactus Natl. Mon. Station 80.8 65.8 65.4 73.8 74.0 56.7 53.2 59.3 65.2 46.3 64.7 46.2 42.7 40.7 50.7 54.4 44.0 51.4 38.8 35.0 40.2 44.8 48.6 35.9 55.6 28.8 29.6 35.4 40.2 43.4 29.4 36.0 56.3 60.3 36.1 35.4 48.6 29.2 27.4 24.2 37.1 40.0 27.6 32.0 44.6 53.5 32.1 62.2 86.8 90.7 85.4 67.6 91.3 89.0 67.9 82.2 82.0 60.9 78.0 78.3 53.4 70.4 46.4 62.4 39.7 77.6 68.3 81.3 88.5 69.1 85.0 86.6 62.5 80.1 76.7 56.2 72.5 72.8 47.8 64.0 63.3 41.2 56.5 57.7 40.9 51.8 50.9 37.1 50.5 45.3 38.4 79.1 80.7 84.9 84.8 87.9 75.8 81.8 70.6 74.0 58.9 65.2 51.6 57.5 47.8 53.7 52.3 68.3 86.0 74.9 67.0 61.4 51.9 45.0 40.4 48.2 73.6 63.0 70.7 71.3 56.1 46.7 37.6 32.3 82.8 64.5 94.1 92.6 63.1 78.2 67.0 60.3 54.0 30.0 84.4 84.3 65.4 60.5 70.5 73.3 67.2 63.5 75.1 68.2 66.8 61.6 60.2 70.4 67.0 60.8 70.2 70.0 57.2 60.2 46.0 53.1 39.8 68.5 55.3 66.8 66.6 56.3 67.3 53.4 51.5 52.3 60.0 43.2 67.6 31.4 37.6 36.8 54.6 58.6 48.7 71.5 34.2 52.5 54.6 41.5 51.2 59.0 41.9 52.7 52.6 77.0 51.9 72.7 72.6 58.6 54.1 49.6 68.8 66.5 Annual 34.4 32.1 34.2 51.3 41.0 42.7 50.5 38.0 47.8 34.3 55.2 48.8 43.2 35.4 40.4 62.0 58.6 Dec. 62.6 ' Nov. 56.0 50.6 51.4 72.9 83.4 60.9 56.0 69.0 Oct. 66.6 78.6 51.1 76.6 73.1 67.6 70.2 85.9 72.1 83.2 50.7 78.2 74.5 67.5 71.5 90.2 71.2 84.9 Sept. 42.7 59.5 62.4 56.2 . 78.9 71.7 June July Aug. 67.8 May 57.4 Apr. 52.7 . Feb. Mar. 45.8 Jan. SUPPLEMENT TO TABLE 5-MEAN TEMPERATURE C3 Sells Dec., '40 -Dec., '44 Stanton April, '43 -Dec., '44 Tucson Mountain Park Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Tuweep July, '41 -Dec., '44 Valley Citrus Farm Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 White River Jan., '41 -Dec. '44 Willow Springs April, '43 -Dec., '44 Wupatki Jan., '40- April, '44 Safford (Evap.) Jan., '41 -Dec., '44 San Carlos July, '41 -Dec., '44 Sedona Ranger Station Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Station 68.4 54.5 51.6 40.1 50.7 42.1 52.4 53.2 38.9 49.0 38.6 52.3 48.4 36.7 46.0 52.7 58.1 47.4 46.8 41.9 48.0 41.6 42.4 52.9 48.5 44.6 53.5 Mch. 49.6 Feb. 45.6 Jan. 55.6 63.7 52.1 61.1 57.0 66.5 71.4 62.0 71.0 64.2 74.7 64.5 57.1 63.5 72.4 64.5 67.9 68.7 May 63.7 53.0- 60.8 60.4 Apr. 74.5 77.8 71.0 75.8 71.6 81.4 74.0 79.8 70.8 75.4 74.8 80.4 83.1 76.6 84.4 80.3 87.7 83.2 86.7 79.2 82.8 81.5 June July 77.3 82.8 74.3 85.7 77.4 87.4 84.6 84.7 81.0 83.7 80.8 Aug. 69.7 77.7 68.6 78.6 72.2 80.1 77.2 80.7 73.2 77.6 76.8 Sept. SUPPLEMENT TO TABLE 5 -MEAN TEMPERATURE -Continued 57.9 69.7 57.2 70.8 61.1 69.4 70.0 65.2 65.9 64.7 Oct. 46.1 52.3 46.9 54.2 50.7 53.2 51.2 59.0 47.5 53.5 53.5 Nov. 38.3 48.6 40.1 50.6 42.0 53.2 50.8 53.8 44.6 46.4 46.4 Dec. 57.8 55.9 66.7 58.6 68.0 59.2 63.3 63.0 Annual ti rn THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA MM.O .CnWN Z CVC)NO N0N0 WCrWCn WCOWC. . WCC!CJC! NOOCD .r...M NOM.i M..CC.. CO6O WLL]WCn WCOWtn WtflWtn 65 ..0007O .C!CD0 NWNO WWNO M.-.N0 NONN MOCr.. MOMO WtnWtO WlnWU7 W.nWer WtnWtO -,1 MC .O NC.Clet, CrtnC!CN C!I:OW ONM.i MC-NM 0000 N C. O O N N Cr Cr 6000 CrWOM 0tn000 0tn0O 0Cn0O 0O0tn u'i0.M 0000O NMMW [-M. C! W CN .-I 00 .. W ..O.eg MMC!.. C.COWC! C'iC-00 .C7NCn CC0ÓC) CÓÓ.-io OCAü9N LÓ.Ci 01.01N 0W0O 0.01C0 C-..OÓ.. LNOM N.i.-IM COL;WC N.--IOtn erCiOCi C.C7O CiNÓC- ó.ÓN NOCDO OOO C z , OO OWOÑ NWM O 1 46 04..46 CrWCDCD 6.66 0.0 6. .WOM WOCrD? ..m66 WOLL'iM 000A... MW NOM COCDM N 0000 COMCOM OMOM C-000 WCC Ñ dCOM DOCOMCO d N Q O64O MMMC1 0NO0 CnWMC- COCOCnM CfCM VC tCd ÑM OM NN4O0WMÑNW .-.O.rM C WtnWCr NO... CrOtn.-. WCOOO O.CÓN CCOO WOC-Ó rWC WnWC WrWO WCOWn mWNO O CyI N..O MWO nWn .-0 0 O il+-' CrOCrO W N00N OdÑW .-CtfiOq dL 0.06 WWOV 6606 .OM. WerWtn WtnWCr WtnWU] WtnO.n CO CC! M M 6.6 000000 0000 CO..M 0000 OOWer 600 toCrCnO I C-CL 0.0. ÓCiÓC7 O.OW O.W CÓÓÓ 6 OC!MM CO.WM N0.-.6 MMCnM 60O0 N00C- .a;cócy .OI;tC7 NM.C10 ...CtjCÁCV MCnWCC C)er..C7 CINNCC CCer6.- NMMCV ÓCÓ6 .MCCO 6666 ONON ONO. ONO. O.o. o1.O. D1.0. Oi.OW m.o. .. .. .. .. .0.0. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. t.-, .-. . 60001W 0..44 0000 ..C'06 NWON N..... CO..MC! 0666 NNON .NNO NNCO WeCO 0M06 ..ON CMCO .M00 WOrO OCOOCO OW0C0 00000 0CnC0 000tiC0 000CD 0000W 0000 00000 C4...-IN h CD.C .WW.WC.C1 0C!wu7 CerNO C1000 ..W.C!) ..C16.. OOCC16 OCrO.. O..O?.. 4WCOÓICOO 6.m6 .666 OCO0000 CM1ijC00t6n tOnTC4C1 mtnáíp OMil4C101.0 C4iCO00u41 0044 000;0 O.OM .CND .CrWCC Wer.Cr 4 '4 OC!OC- CCrNC! C06ÑCC .M.Cr Ú ß y CC1..CiN .CC!00 WwOCWOC MCA.-.. MNNL; CO.HL; OCOO MCn. 600. MOMM WO.. 6660 CM-CCÑCr 16"OÑCr COL-MCO CNCr NM.W C-MM 666. OWCC .-.666 WONW MOrnN 0000 OInNW 0660 OO.-.O WMmCr CD.!MC- COOMCWOM CNDMCWOC .MCOOM C.00ÑM NOCN-M CWOCrC.DM C406 toOOO MMO.-i WCONM + COC!OO 60.4 COOD .6eO eOMO CCDo MONn CNWCLLOO .Cr.CC .Cr.CC 64.6 WerWCC NerWCO WtnWCr .4WCn t0C1MCOM COMC4OM 0000 0000 COMCNOM 00MCOOM CMOMCÓM CODCrCDCr COMC4-CC MMCOW C-01.-ICV C?CrNL N01.-..-! MCWOM tNOMOM COCN+1tOnN CDMC'OJCMi h m5 kA C1.5 co., m m5 . m5 C A , .... ,...., ....A .... .... N N N y N 0 0 N ... 0 0 N N 0 N 0 N .0 ctl C9 C ,. , cqk.° ro 5 )4 -5 1.5 Oke ro 5 AG , .... kk «! Ctl N C0 w.. 0 0 0 0 0)0)00) -5, al C .... 0)00)0) Cn000 NC-WW 0000 ....NN MMCrCC 0000 ....NN MMCCer MMMM 0000 .-..-.NN NNNN NNNN NNNN NNNN NNMM 0001 000 0000 ...--I .... ...-1 ...--I .... 0000 .....-I 0000 ........ O1rn0c .-....... 0000 .... 0000 ........ 0000 C-NWW .... EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 66 0 o?NCOW oO MO CDCOUOIn VIUONC; NMCOC- t-O 0 Ño oco Winmw n.onoolÓñ 4 NcOINn4 wlon ctÓolNOcow co w ", Cj 000 CON In0 ceo M CO d!uOCi COInC- CO .-I MOW OW COMCpM COOCOM tN-MtrO CCOOMCOM 0000CpM tOM W..-1000 QiCOLCO COCAMt. LrMOIr WMWM COCO tN-MtO-W tW-MtN-M Ó ..` v 14 t-VCOLN-VN LO-dCOCLO-VNI WWCOCO CO CnOO 001r-O NM t--t:t-CO .-iÓ tri Ot-Ncomma. .-ititti WdWLL-i WdWIn coo tW-MCOOdO L-VOI NCnv-IN CO r.1 t-NOen; CO .i WInOfIn CO to CDrIOW 0 MN.1 MOON Mt- COd! OOOeV. NCO VIU1COd+ p00r-IVI VdltOUO u0O00VI Óu000VI co co OCOOCO OCOCCO OCOOCO OCDOCO OCOOCO COW 0.100C- NOC.:O dICnMCO V!a!t;W VWr1t0 e-,r-I 00.-I.-cM .-1.M.tiÓóNt-otco coOmáo0 00 co OnOtc0C1n0 OL oft, Ot-o- cor-or.-C r1 H .-1 --1 -1 N.-IC;Cn V!WOO Mu]d!N Ot:.-it NNt:tn WL: .i ótióñ óc-óm 6ti6 m óc--óti óÑÓm coti v1 .-I v1 co .-1 .-I 11 1 .1 --I N InONN 01L-00tO Min.-O7 .rICl1nCO TrL:a0t0 Coo ti0 co 4 co co co co .-C co ni .-4 VI d co co .1.-i co co t- t- co co OCOOCOe-IoCOCW CCOCCO OCOOCD OCOOUi v-I 0C rti co co co -i .-I I-1 WOO= IC;C- OO 0 00000 ML;OO L-000UJ CI C. CO.i t- co co CO co 4 eM 4 t` co co t- co co -d co co d. .-i co WCnOIn OIn CI) ISO OInOU] OCOOIn OInOIn 03 QI dCCCOC7.i WV!C].-i MCOWCC, W Tt! OIh VIMON M.-! C4 WCz01 C')CC74W t-ccieMt-Z ujL-oL- WoOIetI .-it: WVIWVC W.MWW WsMMdC l.-eNWW WInP.dC Wdl L.y NL-ON ot:toM C.1eNq! V!NtO! L-CONM co t-. .Ly -i 0 o co 4 co r-1 .-i co COdCI- W t-dCt sM M L co v-01 W --i L-VIL-VC l-Wt-M C...1. C.. CO C-W CO co 0!.-I co EC co L;W000 L-000d! W.-C.-ICO COWInO? NOCOO coco OOMO) re: C-WO O.-iOtO W.T'tOM dCOutI dTne r-iMCOL.-OiMtiCOOONCOtlOOOd+tlON000OMMMU)uOL-Lr, r, ,-, r, r, r r. aune OrtirtiNNMNr~NONNNMNMrir-(MOOMr-iry.-ir-iCV ,.1N LEW O O rti r-1 rr CO N Cl N .IdFT ONNerNeMNMerr-tMr-iNNMeI+N.-+U1r-tr+MMNr-ir-iMNeN -LION r, M M da eH U] N eN ne N ne N CD ne U0 U0 Cl N 0D N N ne M N M N eft M ne aa3 N ne M U0 ne CO V+ LOUD N l... M ne U0 M U0 M M OD 00 u0 O M M U0 ne ne M U0 uEe N N CO O ne í{t M c1+ U0 N U) N M ne ne ne M saua r r~ r, r, r, .-i ON ti M ne M O ne CM r, rr M N N N.-4 1-1 to O r-( N r-( O r-1 r-i N rti N N co M M up er N er er er M uc r-itMOMLNCANNOCONU)OOernMCx7N00Nd+rieH ryryNNNNryNNNreMry Nr - iMryeftryNryMryryNNN C O C ó z s ÿÿó y¡ Oy s... G aoZ Cú a $ N O 0 Y x L E. Ñ bA %Ñ q vN C P.0 g co g ÿ Ti C2. aincu P wrz ° c., C Q ; x QQ x O 772 P1 óp w H0 0.Q ta s O.. °)`0 C+ a z F 'n . hx a CJ a-' CNC U In cci Ctl â áC0o a)U N S1 ° 0) 51. 2 nC )m 4titixááááá us w' O . c6 y w rrl ÑO OpÚ 4o o o U4.) z s. vc,..$ s. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 80 I : O If) co co .--1 c- tn c- O C- ca co t O) L co CO d O) CD O co d' co tn O) in N ;.4, cy /n In uo co Ln .-, in In 10 co co co uo cc Cr u1 u1 ln co cy w u1 w u1 CO m anuoV y aaQ :d'c4tn TV u1 d+ d' 'npN :Cg cVd'cOMCVC+).-1chc0c+'JCVcVcOd'dc0c0c0M.-1cVc0d'MMMCV co dl to W ch co d O In d1 d'In CD Cg c) V'tn d' d'In d' dicOCVCJCVCVCNCO.-1cVC0c+'JCV.-1CVC0d'cOMC+)c0.-I.--icOOCCVCVMCV ldag CD co CO UC CO In In CD co tn In CD d' 00 co In tn d' UD In CM co 00 CC d' d' ea CO eh n1Qr OL-L.-c)c0O)NOGV.Q)OolnHd'CDO)O)COO.-ic0c01nCDNC-d MCD '-1 ., ., . r1 slnl. OCDOcoCCmCD.-I.--I.--ICOLMC0tnc0OCDOCAQ)cY)toCDC OcOd'lo aun j' .- .-1 .-1 .-1 .-1 .-I .-i .-i .-1 c0 co co cg 00 cg .-1 co O cg cg co .--1 ti.-i cg Cg CV 01 co Cg CD <4 .-I co N 00 d' .-I sew c0 c0 r1 CV *-1 .-1 r1 Cg O .--1 Cg CC --I >-1 .-1 cg 00 N Cg CV c') O.-1 .--I CV .-+ .' cV '--I 'adv. cl d' .--I d' cV , : d' .-1 c0 . M.--1 CV M M.--1 .-1 CV M d' d' cV d d' .-I .r CO M M Cg CV CV In 00 dr co co co co CD W co co d' In tn d' co to tn co co')' I[) co co')' co .aa3 :C0 CgCDd'Indlwcgdl4DCDl1 ,rdlm4Ddlwl1 ln:1wU1 cO01 inlndl .uBI. :loCVtnd'd'CVcOcqMtnd'c0c0dtolod'd'tod'NcO Leo lnc0d'd'W saua .iww.-1CD -1e .-,Co OMd'WcVCVd.--Id'O)c00tnOtnCOcoOocOd'L L OMInCOcOd+M ca - d'emd w - c».- C) CJ o O .-+ Ñ O y 03 Cn i y Ó M O H z Oo i o Ó - H n vi ÿ f.., o Ñ 444 zOaaawa,awawaaaaaacxgxxxxcn ò ö 6 ü . s.i Ó iv O THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 81 L OOr-,Mtt)Cberr-,rynerNOL OCDNCACflON W01 W00 :CV O.--iCOQDM N co CO if:1 co er U:7 M er eV M r1 CD V- CV eV eV LID er ev U001 tf) ev M M :U1 tfl er co M er CV evevOevMerererMCVMr,U)L-MMMMMMU)MCDerever :MevevMCOerCV NMMCVCV MNCV CVCVCVr-1tnerr-IMCVMCVCV Ci Ci CVCVMM :MMCV CV evMN r1NMMr,MCV CV CV rtiCVrtievMrICVMMMCV MMCON CV ci M er :Ci MNMNCV.- i er M.-, CD N CV M er CD O u1 uu M lfl er M er :VD eV ev M CO er CV U) CD O CA 1(y [-eV CO CO OUP CV r-1 O 1t) t M r1 W (0 CO U) CA L ttD CO r1 1-1 ,--i re 1--1 r1 ri :re COUP O O 00 M 00 CDOO)tC)COerCD07CANCAC)CVO000 CVr-1r,N«)OOCD«)M :re OJ CID tf)OMer er U) U) M e11 CD M il-i ri r-1 1--1 rf r1 r, 1--1 ry ririMCVr-,r1Mr,CVCVr1OCV NMr1CV MCVMCVriNCqrir-/ :CD CVrtir,CV Cs1ry OriMCVr.,CVr+ririrtir-,OCVMr-Cr1NMMriCVCVCVr-,r1ri :riNCVCVrirrr+ riCVeM Meg CVCVNCVriCVriM3Mer MMMM1nMtt)Mer M ;co erer Mer VI. CV Or,CVONOA-r-1 to< Mr1CA07Oi`MCpCACAO)OCVOQ)COtr) :NOd11-rtiNM r-tevMCVM10r1Mr1NMr-1r-1r-lr-,rtiMCV r1r-1CVCVr4100 r-, ;erCVCVMr1 G ry C] O ,-0 r U] Oti i, .04 z 0 O .-r F+/ i, b4 .i aai' ^ O. Ó ,ú O :~ %+ CC b0 d tu r, O- ++ V1 N Q' -i 6* 1O 1F+í bA f- 0ú a~c`wc coAZ° .... ^ ¢,ú,á0Oóó -°ó',r1ÚA;v1rs ág.'cri), M+ N C06 R3 O1.0Fi TSFO CC Ctl Y CC! p C V cG s. 'A CC ó".1 O Cú co ftS CC CC: N N .S¡ t', Q1 Cl$ +-` ++ Ni; Cli w rnry f:244-> ÿ Z Z t Q1 a) .0 O 0 H0 0 0 CCS vìU]CI1C/]CQVIC11vIV1vIV]v]CIv)CQü]C11C/iv]C/]vlvivìtllE+EEHECyE1HF`J EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 82 TEnuuv ceccai'.M-'cNwcdNMoe2«Le3.`nius.--e', r elieMMMMMeNtnetieHeMeMeMNNMN 'AON MNNtiN+-,MeMMNNMM--ir++-a+-i 330 MMN.--iNNNMNNNMM+-i.-+'-i*-i 'Idag ininMNNNeNILO V+Metiu]ONri+--iN '2n6, O) oc) sin". OO COM+c)M000Q5O)OOOONNN.-i r-i CS) CONeHNO)ObOMO)rcor-i+-iNri aunp NN,-+O.-1.-iNNN.-iNNNOOOO SBA/ NN+-iOr-i.-i.-iMN.-iNNN00+-+0 ../db+ MMN+-iNN.-ieMMNMMeM.-(e-te-i0 MeMM+-iMNMCOMMeMIC)i[).-iNN.-i er+r)eI+MMeMeMCOeMePU9COCONNN:* NerMNMMMCOMM el( M)ONNMN .M-iÑerr+er.ieMMM.-iN.r"iNNCV.-+5), aO VS 0 Cil ro r.73 - En v ,.i,.,a,: oÁw' ° °óyMvwmr'sc'z >. g :~ o cd (1) 33333333334.4 cG CtS ai C1 U u 7- 4 5, .5 ti C6 CC O Mean 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 Year 2.09 2.09 1.14 0.00 0.57 1.09 0.02 0.52 0.54 0.00 1.76 0.37 0.21 0.95 0.12 1.54 0.62 0.20 2.30 3.02 4.74 Jan. 0.76 0.55 1.15 0.57 1.58 0.20 0.64 0.12 0.69 1.66 1.22 0.27 1.45 1.12 2.56 0.00 0.12 1.90 1.20 5.23 Feb. 2.46 0.74 0.83 0.14 1.12 0.30 0.75 0.28 T 0.16 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.43 0.09 T 0.88 0.48 0.00 0.16 0.67 0.30 0.00 0.08 1.09 Apr. 0.30 0.70 0.03 0.16 0.00 1.01 1.19 0.00 1.14 0.12 1.06 0.18 0.64 0.94 0.94 1.06 2.90 Mch. 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 T 0.07 0.00 T 0.01 T 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 May T 0.45 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.40 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.20 2.05 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.20 0.00 1.54 0.00 0.00 0.35 June 2.07 5.58 2.94 1.24 T 3.36 6.47 2.68 3.60 1.40 0.67 6.31 2.04 3.70 3.81 2.73 1.93 2.09 2.70 0.34 7.88 1.26 3.64 Aug. 2.90 3.34 2.49 2.82 1.02 3.94 0.08 4.82 4.22 4.83 0.86 0.60 2.50 1.88 3.62 1.18 July 3.32 0.97 1.36 1.64 1.95 1.76 0.14 1.12 0.38 2.04 0.38 2.00 3.06 0.62 0.00 2.39 T 0.60 3.83 0.30 Sept. 0.34 0.77 0.46 0.12 0.40 0.00 1.08 0.00 2.65 0.68 0.00 0.80 0.12 1.26 0.00 0.78 T 0.19 0.83 0.52 0.12 0.00 0.21 0.00 1.32 0.92 0.05 0.25 0.00 2.30 0.72 0.00 0.00 1.48 0.48 1.01 0.20 0.32 T 0.25 0.03 0.00 Nov. Oct. TABLE 14. - FORT LOWELL (TUCSON) RAINFALL DATA 0.95 1.58 1.48 0.10 2.38 0.52 0.70 1.06 0.30 0.12 3.18 T 1.70 0.50 0.83 0.94 0.35 1.39 0.97 0.37 0.53 Dec. 16.92 20.23 12.66 14.06 11.54 14.69 6.21 9.04 13.58 7.42 14.23 11.16 16.05 9.84 14.38 11.38 8.70 Annual EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 84 r4 yC NC- COrH.-4 NOOOLCON 100C-er CO r-1NeM co O C- NCOO N.--100r- CDC-CO600010eMONOOCOMOC-CO.--i.--iOML-L-ML:LCO0000.-1 eMNCONCOe1+0W00CqN6OD0C-OMC-rtirlONWr-ONWC-ef1 r4 r4 r4 44 e-1 ri e-1 14 r4 4-1 44 e!1 I ei CDC- CO O N 1C' u0 0 0 CO CO r~ CO O CO O W OO COM 0.--1 OOL:OeNCV I[1MNNe}!LOr-r4COE-1(-10e-iN00 o6N6Ch0000eM.-ió6e-+.--1.-iCDCDOri000.--i ÓNÓoO N c, co .-1 C- O A N r4 .--1 r4 44 .ti Ñ 197 1f1 CO cri OO1n0.--1000N mi. eMNLOVICONM M00001000000mr0 oMMONV?'1' OMOE-1 CO r.o .-4 C-6 00 COOOr-1000 d1 .. 2.83 1.35 0.57 2.56 0.78 1.41 1.37 1.67 1.42 1.24 1.24 4.66 0.79 1.27 1.56 1.77 0.77 0.94 1.87 2.67 1.10 0.66 1.34 0.59 0.93 1.15 2.31 1.38 2.08 0.87 3.09 0.87 0.74 1.22 2.94 0.72 0.93 1.65 1.33 0.83 1.88 0.44 1.30 0.95 0.92 14 29 49 16 24 23 12 12 51 18 12 25 21 13 49 7 25 10 66 50 10 22 16 59 30 23 17 0.87 2.01 0.59 2.61 1.12 1.15 1.61 1.77 0.82 2.00 0.95 1.46 0.71 1.40 0.47 17 27 24 20 25 0.45 1.43 0.71 v W 0.55 0.77 0.84 ho 12 oÿ aH ac ,1 .gcs a 2.78 0.66 0.50 0.95 1.43 0.60 0.73 0.95 0.93 0.69 1.47 0.51 1.72 0.70 0.77 0.54 0.80 1.34' 0.20 0.32 0.35 0.65 0.47 1.07 0.44 1.23 0.72 0.37 1.64 0.30 0.27 0.40 0.09 0.11 0.26 0.36 0.06 0.09 0.20 0.50 0.18 0.40 0.32 0.65 0.27 0.35 1.31 0.84 0.25 0.50 0.52 0.24 0.23 2.14 0.45 1.81 0.85 0.56 0.20 1.69 0.95 2.16 1.38 0.37 0.41 0.04 0.30 0.13 1.43 0.87 0.24 0.68 0.17 2.24 1.02 0.46 0.96 0.50 0.27 0.16 0.69 0.16 0.03 0.09 0.11 m 0.83 0.70 1.07 0.28 0.02 0.64 0.30 .4 s: 1.09 0.73 1.65 0.45 0.12 0.73 0.66 o .4 0.78 0.07 0.08 1.01 0.08 0.17 0.25 0.30 0.43 0.09 0.41 0.43 0.75 0.24 0.49 1.88 1.00 0.73 5.03 2.33 1.11 1.28 1.80 1.64 0.98 2.02 1.62 2.47 1.44 2.22 1.76 4.17 2.89 4.09 3.11 2.56 3.10 0.69 0.94 1.82 1.86 0.76 0.56 0.97 1.54 0.87 1.86 1.13 2.17 1.70 1.66 2.43 0.98 0.97 4.17 2.19 1.09 1.31 2.38 2.31 1.09 2.61 1.37 4.18 1.80 2.47 1.22 0.49 0.48 0.75 1.10 0.31 0.57 0.48 1.07 0.47 0.91 0.74 1.30 0.61 0.96 1.77 1.08 1.51 1.63 0.75 0.65 1.56 0.63 0.49 1.07 0.96 0.66 0.93 0.60 0.71 0.70 1.13 0.43 1.71 0.71 0.70 0.76 1.01 0.55 1.32 0.62 0.68 28.04 7.55 7.73 19.74 17.87 7.40 9.39 13.00 14.36 7.87 17.94 8.77 21.75 11.33 13.20 17.70 19.15 22.59 19.92 14.13 12.04 2.07 1.38 2.85 1.49 1.62 1.01 1.73 2.10 1.99 1.92 0.59 1.07 2.33 4.63 2.73 3.27 2.60 2.39 3.59 0.93 1.15 1.50 1.51 0.95 1.48 1.45 1.64 0.92 2.17 0.75 1.66 1.07 1.14 22.81 13.40 4.92 14.38 10.50 1.54 0.54 0.74 0.66 0.53 2.87 1.23 0.57 1.87 0.65 1.19 0.81 0.25 0.74 0.59 2.03 1.34 0.35 1.68 1.27 2.95 2.25 0.54 2.19 2.55 2.36 1.88 0.44 0.98 2.40 0.33 0.60 0.06 0.42 0.34 15.42 12.06 22.82 12.71 1.57 0.71 1.76 0.98 1.14 0.79 1.38 0.76 0.85 0.57 1.80 0.53 1.39 1.37 2.58 1.84 2.24 2.60 3.58 2.84 2.42 2.62 4.09 2.68 0.36 1.44 1.06 3.36 10.22 9.29 a a w A z o m 0 ci D 0.16 0.57 0.70 0.39 0.28 0.82 0.17 0.27 0.61 0.62 0.65 0.18 0.34 u O ++ 0.12 0.51 0.50 v ul w 0.35 1.17 0.97 a 0.82 1.89 1.85 S h aó 0.34 0.84 1.48 0.04 0.14 0.11 aa w *In a few cases the records do not extend to 1940 because the stations were discontinued before that date. Canelo Canon Casa Grande Casa. Grande Ruins Castle Hot Springs Cedar Glade Chandler Childs Chinle Cibecue Clemenceau Clifton Agua Caliente Aguila Ajo Alamo Ranger Station Allaires Ranch Alpine Apache Powder Co Ashdale Ranger Station Ash Fork Aztec Bagdad Benson Big Spring Ranger Station Bisbee Bly Ranger Station Blue Bonita Bowie Bright Angel Ranger Station Buckeye Camelback w .`co oo TABLE 16. - NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION FOR THE STATE (From Date of Establishment of Station to 1940 Inclusive)* EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 88 isnuuW CO.OUOCONO.MWNCCCCNLO.MOLL)LOMLCO.-IeMfD.-iOtfiu'J.--OtDOOeMCOMtO ONW WOOMCVNLOOO.--iO.-OOWNMO.-i.00COWOJOJOOONNMC.MNW.ILO ; ix; `°MicM `.°c°oi.-Ni.-i:°ci°mw.co,"'critiuiccóNC'ócicic°vci°',-Ni oaa WOOONOWNW id. OON coca, O«)ON.-iONNMWNLLOLLO00CDNCWOOtoCOW ONONMCONO>LOW.O.00CMWCOM.-iWO.yCOt-,,OOD1.y,M,N TH. LO)000O .-C O Ó O O O .O .O .O N .-i .-. M O O O O O .-1.-C O N AON dWNMCOLLOCOM.MCLOCOMNNONO.00OOMCOI O)OWNNOCONO]NOLONOAO) COWO570NOd1OOO)LMMCDNL-NO)TO510Nd!MNd!l NNCOOW.-INMCO)d!CDO) O.-1 O Ó O.O Ó O.O O.-O O O O 0."1 O.O O O.O O O 0 0.-- O.-+.-C Ó.-C p O *pp COMOO,CDCO«)MNO)NC[)NL-CO)dCCOONCNOCOCOCON.-ONNOO)COILLOMNWCO)M dag W OLLNOOt--NNOAM-ONd!NNONCCOOOOOONOOOMLOOOg2 W NMOCOOCdOe0 0 .-O N .-0.-1 .M .O.C N rO.-I .O O.O ..y .M .O .O O.-O.1 O O.4 O .+.-1 .-i N O O.-y CO)OCOeMO)COOCOLt-OciC-CDd!M .ti .,COMCON000OCO)LMOIOCOL'!d!d!OLLTCONCDCO.. 66O66O.r.r000000.OO.00000.100000000'OO.M.i6O.-100 NOO.-1.-4OC CO.-1OOCONL;ONUNNNO)NMNO)OO.1LDO.rd.-O.tiMM 'ny LOCO.-OO)LOMO.CD000O)dLOMONCOd.OMNeMO.M00eMN0."NOCOLOCOWOO NLNNN.ON MNN.-OMMNN.-OMNNMOM.rM.O.-iNN.-i.-IN.-IeNN4Md.yN [Sjnr N0WNCDCOLONO)LOddO.-ONOCONWLLOAMWO)MLON000ON0NMO.tiCO 0WI!NN.-iLDCO.-.MMN t0 mAO u 1 C7O-y+ : :.0 O G. ro=v g m mG8x0 2 v? U DpRCCavvOa .x.2.C-vs.LOOmt.1 .O.Oñc,vañc.°»uá;0?vA 0 Ñ Ñ 8 Lgtl Ó. ttl O s10.i ro Ú m OLO V 88óóóóó°óáám`'LS°óóóóóós2,tOa^OÓÓ °v,vu,aió UVUUUUUUAAAWWGIE íaLylfrlfC7i7C7C7C7C7t7C7C7.'C.xxl-. THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 89 ...,NtWMWWWOM.iNWMOW.-INNWW MNNWWO)00)W0 W WWCAMWWNVINO) OfOOtOcONrti-INQ)rl-1MMt-tiO)t NMNOu]uJOfMfOWI/tO Cp LOI-C-t-MOtM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CMOMOCNOWMÑO)MNWMCNOMNVIÓVMÑCWOWtlMO .iCAVC.NiMMÑVMÑtiM 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .M-Ií-IÑÑí-lí-1-IíW-IMN00 t lÑeytiÑíW-ÑI-WI ti.MiíN-IÑÑW.~.IÑWWWÑNWWÑ.NIeNi-IrM-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . OWMMr.W-Cfñ.MM . . . . . . . . . . .-ION.-INe-I-10rIN0-1 O OMt-IO-1rIrIOriN C.i.iNO.ie10000.iNO.tiN.-10.-1r1 fNOÓCfMCNC).iCWOWWWI ÓÑMCWOMMMMCltWOMfSiÑtÑOM)Ó ]CW-WMCOÑÑ.MCNOC9OM OniOe.1.iOO.i0000O.iOOO.iOOO.i OO.iOHOeiOOeiOO O ONeiO.-I.iOOOri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CNO . . 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WWMNWL:O)MNN 000DCOWWOL;WCOMMNNIC)MNCMONM0)W0NOM.iNWVCM ?iMMWMM.-iVIWOMVC M O.iO.iMO.-I.^CÓÓÓÓÓCVÓOO.i.-ÌO.-Ì.-I OONO.-ÌO.-IOONOÓ O ÓCV.-IÓO.iÓÓO.i VCM6VINeMMV10)W .iMOVCO)WWONNONVIOM.iVCWMNNN .VO).MpCDWONWWMM 7N000*-iIM.0N0C0. M 00+L`-0N0ti0"N N .'i N C100.- WC1OOL;V!W O MC000 NV!VOO) 6M. .-0.-04.-C66 N . iO.iN.-0 i. .ii.-INOO.-I.i00000M. O00N-IOO.i .-.6c1,4,16.-,04,4o .i .iWNeiNOMMCAM 0) N.-IWMO)OVICAOMMWMIC'iWWOM.-CO)MW CpM.iMMCOWCO.iCpOM WNei.-iWMCNNO M0W MVI C;O.i)COL:O) .t;MOO ON MOi CjeriN O)eMOV! t W OCO)OW.W N O .i4.yN6,i0000000N. -00.i 66N. .N6.00N00 O ON.iOi.i.-OO.i CNrÑ..NCWVMCCI.-I4tiÓÓÑ.W-I.MilC0000O-IprW1CDÓCOO--CfC00MCWg0)VMCMÓO)V.~i NNWCCMCe9N7WMVCVVIri.-iMW M.-ÌLMVIVCMDUGUUUCmMNíaMS:q.yt.US.'CJM+CMMUEYmpF +' .0.11NplCDÓDW7ÓW WM .i E vU oó ó ó p"'.-,r~ pa 'mm aaM M . .~I ViViCC.-1 p.,,mM0MOM0O00MaMM:-.O7MmOOOOp,M UzUzUUUUc1XUXU0rnaaUrnX . VMCVWCÑ.W-1ÑÑ.N-I-IÑMM N N MO mm .Og'o'ro4OVO4vdad aamMaoN maa,,, Ui aq.,>.,q.,.,'p.,N.ú.O. O .O C Ó M MMaOmm0: iC W7-11>P . iv a, ia MTi1 fA :. Ft/~M A o s. 4) + M .+ :p. çl jM L7 ÿ W C. O o d C-i LaN,CS'. o ;' TSDCkOkMO a, .:P'i p VZ'CCÑMÓz000Ó[+'OÓSM-10 ÓFd L.,L'i,v0) tJÑ1.i Mcro,,ai.i.,SI4t+51.555'51555i7in .n.n.nC>tl n.n.n. d,f.. . Si M O . s. py2.I.M,MR3GyU Sra ao WÿaaÿX . C. gÑ00 F :m m C+'C n. ñ..... n.n..,.rNn? EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 99 - Tenuuv PW)MMTMO WMTMN NTO oPN TPMW MTMMNMON!M C-C-...iOiPT.íMW ..elm HH -H VCbC-VC.oOC-NNM -.. HM ..H HNMMMOi O0.Ó v6. .r. e 'aaa M.dnOO y oOi . 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C-1!) lfi N OD m O V! lr M dl 01 WC. OJíOdOÑWCAWÑMMdM W01t.. WN0P-,M.-1t000N0t-WW01.0 QIO>01LL'JtpO..0d!NONt01[1c,d! WC-00 W .. ...0.-ÌtiON6......N6ÓOO 6.....-1 .. ..00M co C-W0fO.W.WWWWJWWW 1C,1 N.--i W tfJ V! O LvO. N.-f 0 momo CO 6.66 0 0000000 COOM1 M .-~.M1[WJíNOtWOV1M!'JINM1t.oÑMW . . . . . . 0000 .. 0..0000..00..0..0000 . . . . . .0 trOW [ . . ~ Ó Ód. . . . . . . . .iO..-t-iNOOOO WÑ WO Ó ü C O.Wtr O Ñ.-.. OO.O N N..O.-. or-mm coco co O1dN.tiWWOfNO1MO00tA..d. WMC-Wd!mOtOWNWM1titOWM tt00 ONNÓ co NNO...-.NM.i.-IMNMÓÓÓO 1ry..W.. Wtt10MWNWN0NNWd11nWW WW..d! 0 ddNäMWM..M00MONN1-1.-I MOO. CO NNO.Ì6NM..6MNNO000 M WC-..OWO.-.OWMNM MN.-. MdN.i W 1)NOF.NMd!MOtpMC11E..000 1-1tCppC-N 0660 Ó Ó Ó Ó 0 Ó Ó O Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó 000 COtOOiW CO u9 NN..O .NM d.NO.-...NNM..~E.100H WWLL'JWO1(JWppW01Wd ÓÓOÓ Ó 606606Ó66000 ÓÓ 01Ct1.-.tt)W..d!d!1000N..O...! W NMM dt M.-INMtrtAtgCtrd~WWMW 0000 .ti ÓÓOOÓ0..00.....-Ì 0Ó00 ..N1fJ0 .--I W 257M2152W2422O0N MOLr;M ÓÓOÓ Ó .-i.-ÌÓÓ00.10Ó.-.CVCV6066 CtOdt.-i P cpdOJOWOSNNOJMClJWO.-iWN 1[JN01O 0J O?Od.-INOüJ1lJNNtfJMMN.-!1t W eM0010WNü9C-NU7NWO..N1f1 .i ..NO.-iNONÓ.Ì.INNOÓOO Ó.-iÓ.-i 1fJ1fJNW 1q..ODW u9 Ó.ÓÓ . .- OMddM ..Ó.OÓNOO..VÓOOO alt W~írn W ÑW1-$O.IÑr.ÑÑÑ~ 022~ O W2ÑNNÓ080ÓÓÓWÑÑ2 1-1 C N O.. N C W W W C V.-..-..-... fW dN Ó d1ÑCVM P tflM -C P]CI.1,Ó4.ilfjsMS17 g;..5.011(2 C LApM 71-1 40 LLO 0>ro PCÓ °OD;0CC .>.z2>!! 0 O Úmro C ááw >E ro c rom â xwv u4 Yv O VZC OO C. y.+O ° , A t1p {y-1>.~... co ta sa : UC7, ÚL1Wp t°i°.'ÿ+'gÿKEóldc. O O'..O tU dttl «I C[itC 1y,... Ga°°JC. Ácic"i ::..`°'^cGOtitxi,.^.^ 1tl @ N... ., ..,^....... FFb N 1tlV1 0 07 55D.S.tD+>.>.D. ttl ttl 91 1.09 2.12 0.77 0.67 1.38 Ash Fork Airport Jan., '44 -Oct., '44 Bartlett Dam Oct., '40 -Dec., '44 1.31 0.94 1.99 5.94 1.33 0.58 2.19 0.86 1.24 1.34 0.98 1.49 1.37 1.02 0.17 0.66 0.42 0.92 Mch., '39 -Oct., '44 Bosley's Ranch Jan., '42 -Dec. '44 Burrus Ranch Jan., '44 -Nov., '44 Call of the Canyon Jan., '44 -May, '44 Chino Valley July, '41 -Dec., '44 Cochise (Airport) Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Copeland Ranch Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Ehrenberg Jan., '42 -Dec., '44 Frasier's Well Oct., '40 -Dec., '44 Betatakin 3.43 Feb., '44 -Dec., '44 Bear Valley 0.36 0.31 1.87 0.66 0.69 Feb. 1.08 Jan. 0.23 Ajo Wells Aug., 1941 -Dec., 1944 Amado Jan., '42 -Dec., '44 Anvil Ranch Jan., '43 -Dec., '44 Ash Creek July, '41 -Dec., '44 Station 1.55 0.23 1.40 0.73 0.69 1.62 1.65 1.34 1.09 2.49 7.77 0.74 0.51 0.53 0.34 Mch. 1.11 0.02 1.08 0.24 0.85 1.46 1.25 0.47 1.10 0.40 1.29 1.12 0.65 0.15 0.55 0.39 Apr. 0.06 0.00 0.88 T 0.24 0.90 0.19 0.65 0.00 0.63 0.49 0.55 0.48 0.00 0.14 May 0.09 0.00 0.10 T 0.03 0.08 0.34 0.21 0.09 T T 0.00 0.05 0.22 0.00 June 1.14 0.04 1.40 2.24 0.88 2.06 0.99 0.94 1.54 0.96 0.85 1.79 0.86 1.94 0.54 July 1.54 Q.71 4.08 2.79 1.06 1.17 2.34 1.21 1.20 0.29 3.49 1.96 2.91 1.88 Aug. 0.48 0.41 2.40 2.80 1.63 1.89 2.09 1.78 1.12 0.14 1.10 2.41 1.40 0.20 Sept. 0.95 0.05 0.64 1.70 0.88 0.47 1.06 1.01 1.44 0.98 0.29 0.85 1.46 0.52 0.87 Oct. SUPPLEMENT TO TABLE 16. - AVERAGE PRECIPITATION 0.39 0.38 1.48 0.99 1.66 2.08 0.00 0.56 2.45 0.94 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.56 Nov. 1.83 0.36 0.98 0.85 1.11 1.19 1.56 3.00 2.78 2.11 0.78 0.66 1.16 Dec. 11.30 3.48 16.29 13.09 11.38 11.93 12.76 14.92 9.33 9.08 7.36 Annual July, '41 -Dec., '44 Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Pinetop Fish Hatchery Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Prescott Airport Aug. '42 -Dec., '44 Rakestraw Ranch Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Redington Jan., '42 -Dec., '44 Rimrock Jan., '43 -Dec., '44 Sabino Canyon July, '41 -Dec., '44 N Lazy H Ranch July, '41 -Dec., '44 Kelvin July, '41 -Dec., '44 Jimana Inn July, '41 -Dec., '44 Hillside Jan., '41 -Dec., '44 Hilltop July, '41 -Dec., '44 Gila Bend (Airport) Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Grand Canyon No. 2 Jan., '43 -Dec., '44 Grapevine Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Groom Creek Jan., '43 -Dec., '44 Helmet Peak 1.35 3.30 5.20 0.40 2.80 0.24 0.74 0.82 0.86 1.80 1.05 1.51 4.67 0.53 1.84 1.15 1.15 0.86 1.11 0.61 0.33 1.63 T 0.08 0.48 0.80 0.83 0.62 0.96 0.23 2.37 1.37 0.14 0.11 0.74 2.17 1.29 0.09 0.29 0.00 0.01 1.69 1.98 1.90 1.52 0.64 T 0.55 0.13 0.56 1.77 2.24 1.28 2.56 2.91 1.80 0.69 0.98 0.62 1.67 0.67 0.47 2.32 1.70 0.73 0.77 0.78 0.63 1.00 1.89 0.60 0.11 1.22 1.52 2.43 0.93 0.83 1.85 1.36 1.39 1.89 12.13 12.55 23.79 14.57 21.32 10.03 12.63 14.17 17.52 19.20 3.31 2.97 16.54 11.99 1.84 0.83 24.31 0.77 1.41 13.01 0.84 0.74 1.88 11.56 0.58 1.10 0.63 0.44 1.92 1.33 3.47 2.35 1.73 1.36 0.66 2.68 3.02 1.18 1.73 1.52 1.85 2.02 3.25 0.37 0.67 0.57 1.64 0.08 4.10 2.91 3.52 2.30 0.73 1.25 0.70 0.07 1.48 1.81 0.00 0.45 1.49 1.64 3.99 1.02 0.11 0.00 0.05 0.87 2.25 1.08 0.42 1.00 0.76 1.06 0.50 1.31 0.12 2.09 0.26 0.76 1.68 2.27 0.33 0.19 1.52 1.28 0.36 0.56 0.31 0.09 1.81 2.53 2.41 0.00 0.16 1.62 2.83 0.61 T T 1.31 1.57 T 2.50 0.92 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.04 1.12 0.22 0.64 0.91 0.26 T 0.32 1.93 0.74 1.05 0.23 1.15 1.54 3.48 1.22 1.13 0.57 0.60 0.50 1.54 1.73 1.51 0.84 1.65 1.90 1.15 0.75 1.38 1.80 1.74 0.15 1.28 0.33 1.86 0.48 0.41 2.39 0.61 0.62 1.10 1.12 0.90 1.20 0.83 1.52 0.62 0.45 2.35 0.43 0.72 0.93 2.49 0.27 0.38 0.35 0.80 0.40 0.91 0.95 0.90 0.08 0.55 0.98 0.26 1.34 1.02 0.46 0.46 1.34 0.32 0.30 May 0.89 2.99 0.49 0.35 Apr. 1.45 1.23 3.75 0.08 1.75 0.77 0.83 1.17 Mch., '43 -Dec., '44 _ 0.93 Mch. 0.51 Feb. 0.77 Jan. Wupatki Jan., '40 -Dec., '44 Stanton Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Stewart Mountain July, '41 -Dec., '44 Truck Crop Laboratory Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Tucson Mountain Park Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Tuweep July, '41 -Dec., '44 Valley Citrus Farm Jan., '44 -Dec., '44 Whiteriver Jan., '41 -Dec., '44 Willow Springs Jan., '44 -Dec., '44_. Sells Dec., '40 -Dec., '44 Safford (Evap.) Jan., '41 -Dec., '44 San Carlos July, '41 -Dec., '44 Sedona Ranger Station Station 0.38 0.33 0.13 0.17 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.02 0.03 0.14 1.60 1.02 1.69 0.43 0.83 0.98 0.51 0.85 0.24 1.49 1.15 1.28 1.61 July 0.98 1.75 2.43 0.14 1.08 2.59 0.56 0.62 0.95 2.15 0.67 1.58 1.35 Aug. 1.42 2.89 0.17 1.40 2.40 3.03 0.27 0.93 0.31 0.43 0.27 0.55 0.29 0.72 0.47 Oct. 0.39 0.43 0.50 0.23 1.67 1.50 0.92 0.79 1.92 2.98 Sept. SUPPLEMENT TO TABLE 16.- AVERAGE PRECIPITATION - Continued 0.36 1.53 0.93 1.25 0.70 1.60 2.18 1.34 2.16 0.83 2.67 1.86 0.43 Nov. 0.52 1.15 1.90 1.43 1.07 1.09 1.44 1.51 0.96 2.74 1.33 0.87 Dec. 10.40 18.25 8.32 10.54 9.92 11.99 18.24 12.20 10.71 Annual tr3 THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA ,z W A Mg''''''-' 95 oM ÿC ON i 00.-tMNNONCDON,iMNO*i0 4m d N m msó ÿ o471 m MC* .-+ CO CO TM O N CO O t CO CO I!? 0 0 If) N N CO CV coon et! CA CO 0 CO Wir-1 CV V: .-. 1,-4 10 O .-y .--I N ó.-y O N N O e-I .-I N.--I --; N--I CÒ V *02 W O .s: cc A óú c*'cv W CCv iá O O 0óóóóóo.-;.-;Oóó.-,.óóó o6 ó M0 a Oú_¡ ci Ó DI N O cOiw^O-+ y COO)Oe-INMWIf)COL-0000.--iNMeTI 0m O) O) O) O) Q) O) O) O Q) Q) Q) Q) O?i O O) CA V.yi NNMMMMOMCMC.MCMMMeMeMefI.31 W r-i ..... .-1 .-1 ti .--I .-I .-1 .--1 .-i .-i .--I .-1 S~ .1:12.z v O z,Ú +ÿW. i EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 96 V1 .i cn M C- IL.. I LnLLIF O O Ó 0t TH .- d fCD.-I Nn.--io CA CA o CD CD ut CO 07 .-. CV -i CO A co .-i CV .-i M .--1 1--i CV CV O H.i 0 0 0 co N Ó cp Ci co N.-1 .--1 ei .--1 .i ct P oHHóóo.-+vlooóociNwoFici0000woó C V .-- CD .cM C V tf) N d1 CA CD r) Cl c» a) .--1 d1 co O n t.- co .--1 .--1 CD CO t17 t! CV Cl .-1 'eols 000HH ce; oó.-IoHEiciod+cgóociH00000.-ioó .i 130 00000C000000cóóci000CV oH0000000 ';dag '2nF7 djnp S G O yyó O CQ rrV Ñ N íi % Óa ~ 0 C) 0 DA S~ Ct5 bA . te CO a,a:~ N4 0 ai m m lao T CD paxx O S-1 d íi e5 R3 z CJ (U CC C6 ti N S-1 Cú C6 N,S~ N , 0.ÌCOCLi07paG]UiIUUC.)UCiil THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 97 L00LNNCOCOWWOU0Ot10ChMCODiCAO')WWWWC- OOOOCAN Wp .-i ui .--i .-i W CO CV W N W 0'J CO CV .-i W 00 0Ç .-i W O ti W W L H OÓ .i N W L N NCi H 6 'd+ Cl CO CO CO O CD O CO N N +o6HcaLOCiHm000 oHH 6 tn N CO W o CO Cl W O] CA Cl Cl W CO ro uiHo cgo,4HOOOÓONÓ CDN H 0 0 0 Ou 6 co co . OO NroW rJ CD OM CA UR NL O N owHOOOOOHoc DNOHp -oHnH.-m000n.H W ooHHH'no . . . . . . . . . . . . O? - c+'J . . . M . . . . . . O W co 6 HOOOOOOOO.4ó6 ooOHH.40H6o000VHoHoH6 ooóo H00000000000000 000HooH000H00000000H0 000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 000OOOOOOOOOOOOOO CD= OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOo r1 HOOOOOOpO0000oo00oHOOHO0060oo0o00000 CO CO HHoHoH000066OOHHHo.4oH.-4Hoo.-ooM6OHHoo.-4o CO O N M tCO .-C .-i te. O] N CO CO L N 0.-i 6.-ioHo6006646HH6HHH6O.-iCi60066o.-,o6600rio CO CO CO Cl C7 C.. Cl .-i 014'1 00 M UO CO .-C CO CO tn .-ti CD 1-1 CO CV O CP. L7 .iNOOCÓHO.-iÓpLÓ0000ÓMONWO00NNONOOOp001H ti .-C M CO 1-1 Cl N Ut CO CO Cl o.--4 L: CD W C11-1 CO CO N N N L CO .-1 p 1--1 CV .-+ Cl Cl l[D .1 NVOÓ.-i.-ippÓ.-1 L.i000.--iNOUDO Nt; cc; .-irJOCOL.--iWO.-+.-iOHMÓ .-t .-C .-+ .-i 4 u 4 u W.-ICbultCo0OMN? CAOOOCDMNOLtflL MOM W M Cr; .-1O.--i.--i.-i.--iONNN000CVNOLOOLO.4HOOCDOWE'C .- .-C .--t CO ,A CO W W CO Ch W CO t[) CA W L O CO .-i L.r CO O p L O CA N .t N M 09 OD N .-C .. COL O'-1 00Wp .-i .--i .-i Nol W 0707,4 N N M O 10 ,4 CA N CO W tfd In O .-t .-1 CO N M .1 N co W .rO ms 4to o O S. °.), ú W + o w add s. ° ó úú . tU d zAox s .z ox a ¢ a) Ú ca co. vas ú Ú U a) a) ,ÿ y sy" sc°. ca o cd a p.., cd o ó 2z3Pa , Ú Oy.., Nga ca zd ho $., ro ó z3 "s s. óo ÚÜÇ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÁÁÁWWffGaffGafffffC3L7 CC5i7C7CC7 z", cWö EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 98 MNM Q) r1 CACOlMCOOM COCO L-N111CM 10.-1 Od+M jenuy ci ci OV M.--( CO .1 CO CO OOCiOOOmMwMCONEiOEiOMEiO COCOOOOW OMoONC.JCyOO)ri1C) ON .-i wi.-i.-;o-.-ir,ociòr_ u606 06 .-:01 -46 ciooa6 HoF.-+c6 oo .i .i .i 'noN el ,-1 CO r! Ori CO .--i CV IO CO d1 O O M CO .r 1-1 .--i CO CDa;Eir,oHoc+6cio.-ióvi.-ióóóoerHo[...ióc600 r! CV Cl .i M N N N Mó000ó000ciEioEio.-;ooóE.ioó000OE.400ci .-i r. 'idag '2tty ,çjnr C4 ó0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 O000OOO0000000000000000000000 MM,r 0E-+000000000000000000000000000 dBjAj a? L: ad L co .-I .-I .--i CO M .i le Cl orióóe600E-IE-+oUQ000E-IFoóci tóc,iE-co.ioóOE .i NCpMCOMM 01 O 1,-1 et! CO OOCV O 1u3IAI L: MOOÓOÓOPoóóoóo.i00000.i000OETooN MO Cl .-1 aicGOOOririóE+ociriMCióai000EToriooEdóoó .i .-t '(1a3 Cl CO bp.o I. a) *r.'' as á vx Q) ha r->d s. p i O{-1 Iyyc AZ ai a) CC aJ ftS ÁIP C C .4 ¢I i=1 V .Ci t/v1arU1t/1cau]t/UiU1v2v2 ai ba o1F ` Sti í-i to> d to P4 ú 0 Y vi s_, ro otY1 ` Qr O w *'... c4) Y o+°>U A as Ca o Cfi !~ o ó ó U1 Cil G U.ti á i1 Cl m A~ ái to x o a) ÚS as .-1 Cti Ca Cú v]t/]FFFFFFFFF THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA . T-4 oóHóó eV w O CO CD et, . ti H6 cc; wóoo CV ti+ CO N000.--;NMO ti LO L CO 000 M co CO Co 000000.-+OMGV.--i000 .-{ ©OOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOHOOOOOOGO 00000000000000 00000000000000 OOOOOEiNO000000 M OO.C7 CO CO N M 1f t-Ql.-i COMO ElOOOOe1F0666000 .N 6OOOFW60.-i06000 6OOE466.--(OCG. -4 GV 000 Cp .-i 0 C+MCOO W .--10001-iCV.-i00Óef+un000 ti eiFE-+ó,- v+ '. MeMO) E-+d ., aó000 t- ..nwow0 wr- mL0000 .-4O].CMMPMtiCV.'-CV GV s'r O bA g 0 0 4:1Z N. U c4 Ó ce "Fdái.P. .54 74 E1 ,9 w I. CI) cd al ïAyZz >-1 d ti Rf ci ce Ó §§ g 101 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 102 TABLE 19. - ANNUAL MEAN HUMIDITY AT UNITED STATES CITIES Mean relative Station State humidity City Atlanta Bismarck Georgia Denver Des Moines El Paso Green Bay Helena Indianapolis Jacksonville Kansas City Los Angeles New Orleans New York Portland St. Paul Salt Lake City San Francisco Santa Fe Seattle Tampa Washington Phoenix Tucson Yuma Flagstaff Colorado Iowa Texas Wisconsin Montana Boise Boston Buffalo Chicago North Dakota Idaho Massachusetts New York Illinois Indiana Florida Missouri California Louisiana New York Oregon Minnesota Utah California New Mexico Washington Florida D. C Arizona Arizona Arizona Arizona 72 70 57 72 75 74 52 72 40 74 59 70 80 70 70 78 72 74 72 52 80 49 77 80 72 37 37 36 68 THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA tj Q zO ..i W N W OM OOtON Nu? NOOM 601 NN.y Mt:01 .99 mt.... .-C..e4 W co 666 W4W MM W4M WM t-64 C-M WMd M66 t-W V!MO 01W 0oo6 MO ONr! u]6C- W.. 6MM QiN co u W co 0 OW co M6M C-M co'N WO.n t-OW NN MOJV' M6 6601 MO'iMC-N NV MWW tONMWNWV. MNM 4tG.1 MNM co Ó0 M co Wt-.1 OC-M co -,n r- co 0 0 -I co MNM co WV co MNN co WNM WM 6.1q 4q. áw '-IM ..MW Wt- OA O vi .. tO .r Re- V N.-. 66 V! M.ry M Oi O C- W W ""="1 O9 ,,c4 c7,7,": W0 OM cor-t- C-O 600 Mu6 46 10ppN MVM WM MN N WV MN N MNN 1-01 .4 103 CMÑ MMM V WM MÑÑ 4M MVM M WÑÑ O O D1 O O mm MMM W comm M M 6 tWOVW WMM W comm M ~~ppNOÑ OM qq. NO MOV MM wOM ow. OV fÑM OÑ fMM -M co co [Ñ ti . Q) O .7 M fr NO .66 66 M M M gr-4 .MNN t`.-i MN CtpeM MW [p:Mto .... OiC- O'1.-+.. [- C- .fi.-9.. 46. cbW ODtG Mti.--I M.ti M co opMAtO M.W-. VÑÑ tWOÑ V.W-1.W+ VÑ Mti.W-I-I WM O[;QOQ111 Ol. VWW0100 MOo =Mq u7cÓW M.-1w M M CA O W CV >1 ti 1;60 MtpM tMtppu! tA .Mf1.W-1-i.W+ -I.-W. .ti L Í4 mol W M W aM .. d N.-1 V tl .co . .tt-pp-I W MN uNOMM WV. 1W0ÑN íNONÑ vOMÑ MOWMWdMOOWONOM pM N VM~WM M 4°MM co com C- a co f ó WW rNM tiN ttl i7 Nt-.N . M.N MN tiM ..tD NM NO NV WO .V í-Ií-1 í-. í-. í-. í-1 v.. OÑ co Ñ WC-M Ißt.. MNM .,1 á ro áá áá á ó. Áw [M ó$ó óó goo óó ópó goo 1-M WT-.W co W WZyW t-W O co Z.M MZ.M w, Ú Á ú C1 p d1 , U w b G. X ... d T. V Ó O Ó á ÿ O v E E1 >, I. M M cd co a! co.pp .=-1 .. íp.ti O [O O .-^-. 010 ..6 MO co í-I.-I O Pi 9 Mt-.-. r` tVtppl t- eN gc"'" t-w .-1CM m.-. tÓpp.jj .ati metMM =vv. t-t0 WMM C-M W6M ,..,-, ttl cWOW w Clemenceau Phoenix Prescott Yuma City 1932 1931 Year 1932 Years 1929 -36 1918 -40 1921 -32 1918 -40 6 a.m 12 m. 6 p.m 6 a.m 12 m. 6 p.m 2.61 2.30 3.18 2.88 2.74 68.9 78.5 72.0 84.0 Jan. Hour 52 26 25 56 28 28 26 11.41 11.41 7.76 7.76 (inches) Tucson Phoenix 26 57 61 28 28 Yuma 3.47 3.47 Yuma Normal precipitation 66 34 35 56 29 28 Tucson Phoenix Av. rei. hum. (per cent) 37 38 69.4 78.1 70.0 84.3 Feb. 74.8 83.4 71.8 90.1 Mch. 76.8 88.1 73.3 94.1 Apr. 83.8 93.2 80.9 97.1 May 86.1 93.0 86.1 97.2 June ï4 33 20.5 18.8 22.4 21.4 69.6 83.1 64.2 92.4 July 66.4 82.9 68.4 90.0 Aug. 74.8 87.9 84.0 92.5 Sept. 72.2 88.6 86.2 92.9 Oct. 22.5 21.9 Av. depression of wet bulb thermometer Tucson Phoenix Yuma 51 72 No. of days with 0.01 inch or more of rainfall Tucson Phoenix Yuma TABLE 23. - PER CENT OF POSSIBLE SUNSHINE 4.15 3.57 3.44 3.77 3.30 3.21 3.45 3.11 2.97 2.96 2.63 2.57 6 a.m. 12 m. 6 p.m. 6 a.m. 12 m. 6 p.m. 1931 3.41 Av. abs. hum. (grains per cu. ft.) Tucson Phoenix Yuma Hour Year 6.67 10.32 68.0 81.9 77.9 88.9 Nov. 2,423 Tucson 63.2 73.9 68.6 81.8 Dec. 1,107 Phoenix 6.35 5.91 Yuma 72.8 84.4 75.3 90.4 Annual 138 Yuma Elevation (feet) 10.84 16.26 (inches) Phoenix Precipitation Tucson TABLE 22.- THE EFFECT OF ALTITUDE AND PRECIPITATION ON HUMIDITY o 1-+ THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA iEnuuFJ 105 ZwZZZwwWzZ tntnZtntn tn tnt/Itn aaa ZZZZZZZZ tntntn3 no.N1 ZZZZZZcn cnZm tnWtntntnZZZU1ZZ 33° ZwZwZZZZ ZZmZ tnWtnZtntnZZtQtnZZ, Ties ZwU1WtnZtntn ZZtn ZZZcnZtnZZ 2n, Z(Z3 ZZm lfjnp tnZZrnZtnZtnS Mi) aune v ZZZZZ tnWtn,tnzZZtaZZ ZZZcnZtnZZ ZZZZZZZ úiúitn ZZZmZZwWWZZ "N Zcr]hZlla Mi) %Id13 tntntnt3ntnrv1 tnZtn^r ZZZZZZmZwZZ ZZZmZZ3 Zcf) tntnZZZmZZ ZZZZZ tnv tiWZrnZZZtntnZZ vitntntnMazz comm v wcvitáZamzZ 1131¢ aa3 SdEaA ZZZZZZc/Z/)ZZ itn 2.t.n'".y?-n+nnM r7,11n2 ti;NCVtiÑ-N= 0 O w ) /2 O LME}S y az $, 4 fÑ H =+ wá pO o o j bw TZf O P4 z =, úU .a(jsáÿ a'ú .Q,á 0°6 á Ú O tin g C. .x O còcC ZS v O b-0W.oO.,-i-j5C,Lci ÿ Ñ ÿ bARi O O g N N..-Q ti i.iQiQiÌ7GQ CQaÌPQLQW (UODUuUUÚOO - G tom + ciS cC EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 106 Isnuu 197 r/CW/1r3iWV2r3i1C3/r3ilf3lu3lr3lC3llí3i]r,rrwiìrllr3i]r3ilr3i]C3i1rr3nrwi]r3ir3i2c3i]c3i2 '°aa 3tntnc3nWZt3nvzc3wwV31ü Wzc3nc3nc3ní3rcwnzU3iZc °ON 3cncnmwZrñr3ivcnv3iWwccWnZZ VO tcncwnc3nwrnvic3ncác3ná]c3nc3nWcñí3wtwitnc3ncí'iU3]c1 c3nc3nc3ncQC3nV3]c3n daS cñcnr3rWcnv3iv3icáv3iv3ir3icñc3nv3ic3iccnv3ivic3rvicnc3ic3iáic3nv3ic3i 'n 3cnc3iwvt3/]v3lrwnvw]t3/1t .3`..V31i t/tnC3t3nt3.tnc3nc3nt3nt3nV2 mr 3cnvwcnc3nvic3icwnv3ií3iz3c3icá33cnv3ivir3nr3i3c3nzc3nc3nc3n aunr 3cncwicáwcnccár3iizrc3nc3ic3nr3ir3n3ccnrr3iv3ic3n3c3izc3nc3ic3im sy 3cncWnc3nwcnc3nív3ir3c3nc3nr3i1c3n3cwiicnc3nmc3iv3i3c3nmc3ic3nc3n ady 3vlcncwcnríiáiv3ic3i3v3i3c3rv3i3vwicncv3icáivizcc3nvic3ia 'u° 3cnWv3i3v3,33z3zv3i 'aa3 3cncwiú wrc3iicñzr3i3r3n3r3iv3i3áiZc3ic3ir3nc3n3rcñc3icv3icn 3cncwnv3iwmc3nrwncñíc3nc3iwc3nc3nwcwizc3nc3n3c3v3icwnc3nwv3i sssa 00000)=tDMtOMOÑdo+.N-ÑNM.~-í-i,~-Ñ,-iMM ú 7:1 uoclalS Ó 4 i á j : UtlGU70 aU 0 D, ß Fo0 FO_ oy, a OAx>ó Wy °óócro mzsá., 0000cfffC7C7C7CC3CC7C7 G) dU O Ñ ,= O i MMr ' W C °A ÚiÚiÚÚÚÁÁÁWrr[s s. css G' Ts OD G zNi . áv THE CLIMATE OF ARIZONA 107 c3nv313Wnzú)McnWnWn33wcf)ww 3íncnvimcnrnvicn c3n3cMcv3izv3iw33c/zmzzww 3cncncázcácnmm r3/13Wi)z)rnzc3nzc3/1wc3nc3nU3]cnnz3W Wcncnúzwwww wcnulcnulzwtirl]r/zCJ1EnÚ1cí!]íJlwwr/1wmV]wzí/lc/lwrl cnuImmwzwc/1c/IC/cnwwc/]c/ulVlwclc/]wwc/Vlwc/]c/]c/c/2 cn3c3iz3lrw/1v2v3iwc3i3333123ww3zwwmcn MMzt1MznMwc3nc3n3cn3v3irn33vi3rcnMcnc3nc3nv3i cicnriíiicnzwcnciciwwvicíi3c3i3riri3v3i3r3rnvicicñci?.wmci c3iv3icncníiizriwwwwwww3ái3ww mcn www wwwww M)z,)MvX/)Mr3i3m3Mñwcá3i mWAM cncn3cnáicnz3c3igcnAWA3r3n3vic3n3r3iw --W/AM cíici133cayiz3ú Mcnú u2cnrilwci2cnwwww 5cncawcisvicáww cncncnc3ncn3c3/13zv31clcc3nc3nc/Vlzv]zww 3cilmcnzumwm tONMtAei+OmNNI-OM000eMONtOOiCOL-1DdiNpMNO0000 MM.-iN.-1 M.--4N.y.d4MN .i NN W..i NNN NMv-iNtiNGV ,-1 a m m p 0 W g 0 ax vw 8 ó ó cu G+ 00 0 °yO á odZ Útu a ' 0z .° ° ca xZs,áióówoU2sZö;°o°c°)° o °;-d ú4 azzoaaaaaa aor caC3cCóiG) xxxxMEh°a.aav x CEI °Ú $i m r~ f CZ EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 197 108 lsnuu w WÚ1íÚC5i]r(%lÚcWnc nÚìCnu2Cnu]cn aaQ W WzccucZciccwiZ ZcWnúúulWzWZZzzcio noN w Wzcncnuúzcwncnuzzcwnúcn 130 3das coulcocn co co W Wu1Ú2(C%c/lcncwi]rQCW/1u1cou1EnU)coCnr/]co c/]U1 W WuIrú] Ú nv Now aa`3 ¿W/?zú rWnU]cc%cQ[QcnCi1Z00 po U) U) 0044 00cii WcncltWnmcilrnúcáúc]rw/1turSÚÚcllviu]00 W Sum' zdlf rwi1C/) wuiciíicncwilmwrwic5irr'cn00 SM.(' aunr W !):u)cnviuicncncn WV]cnviÚ)Ú)Ú):uw]m ,- wcnct)uiu)u)(/)vviv)IcácnZu)cncnu)(/)uic/)i)cnci) Wrr')(;')U1ua W uwj(zrcoZcot/2 couou]u) W wcncilcirnzcñrrwicrnZrá cnú po ulco PO 0o W Wu]úcnÚ]cilzuiuizcZc ilcuiZZ0000zc!]ú w wzvzzvzvwzzzCnCn SìEa A M '4 K2 O N ti p N N 2227-1 N 7 M CNO N MM CNA '<-H D O .i N -1 M 'Z' o . uot3els o , o ÿ ca Ó 5G aai 4 .0 ,+-'.., .m o á c° ° z ;° ti) cts v ° °). 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