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VIDEO SURVEILLANCE WITH REAL-TIME WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TURIN METRO CASE STUDY Turin’s automatic metro currently operates over a 9.6km line route with 15 stations. Its fleet carries about 80,000 passengers a day with a headway of two minutes at peak hours. To keep pace with rising ridership, works are underway to extend the line south to total 13.2km and 21 stations. The system has expanded rapidly since opening in 2006, but Gruppo Torinese Trasporti (GTT), the company responsible for building, operating and extending the system, is successfully keeping an eye on its passengers, trains and stations. Requirements The metro fleet is made up of 58 Automatic Light Vehicles (VAL) by Siemens, each 26 metres long and composed as shown below
Depot - workshop
Fermi Paradiso
Lingotttto o Lingotto
Marche Massaua Pozzo Strada Monte Grappa Rivoli Racconigi Bemini Principi d'Acaja Portaa Suza o Vinzaglio XV VIII Dicembre D XVIII Re Umb Umberto Porta Nuova Po Marconi zaa Carducci Dante Nizza Molinette Spezia
Turin metro
by a double married-pair consist, i.e. four cars totalling 52 metres. Trains can reach a maximum speed of 80km/hr and carry up to 440 passengers. The video surveillance system,
built 15 to 18 metres underground, monitors stations, the fleet, technical rooms and tunnels. It is designed to meet two main requirements and handle nine different scenarios.
The first requirement is real-time security management of passengers on board: central security room operators are able to assess what is happening on trains, e.g. alarms, accidents or panic. The second
car (13m) vehicle (26m) train (52m) Trainset composition
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involves analysing incidents ‘after the event’ by viewing recorded footage. This allows the police to monitor criminal acts or vandalism. The on-board video surveillance handles the following scenarios: 1. On-board intercom activation: in this case the central security room operators obtain a complete vision of the whole vehicle from where the communication began 2. Evacuation handle activation: here room operators obtain an overview of the whole vehicle to understand why the handle was pulled 3. On-board fire or smoke alarm: room operators have a complete view of the whole vehicle or, more likely, the whole train, in
order to understand the situation 4. Fire or smoke alarm in more than one train: room operators have the maximum number of live video streams per vehicle involved, whether in the same part of the tunnel or not 5. Train stopped in tunnel: operators view the whole train to avoid panic and give the right advice 6. More than one train stopped in the tunnel: operators obtain the maximum number of live video streams per vehicle involved, whether in the same part of the tunnel or not, in order to avoid panic and give the right advice 7. Train returning to stabling: operators have a full view of the whole train to avoid the risk of pas-
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sengers remaining on board, accidentally or for criminal intent 8. Real-time control of suspicious behaviour: operators can switch between live images 9. Control of suspicious behaviour ‘after the incident’: operators can analyse different recorded images.
VIDEO-CONTROLLED AREA
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Front line desk in Central Security Room
Technology & architecture CCTV in Turin Metro
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Altogether the surveillance system architecture – stations, tunnels and
trains – comprises a total of 851 cameras: Technical Centre, Collegno This is equipped with 22 external and 7 internal fixed cameras, plus
7 PTZ cameras (Pan Tilt Zoom, 200°/sec, 150mm lens). All the footage is recorded for 7 days both in the lobby and the Central Security Room.
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Main GUI
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PRINCIPI D'ACAJA
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PORTA SUZA VINZAGLIO
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By designing the metro with an eye to the future, GTT has avoided the need for retrofitting. In addition to making valuable time and cost savings, the operator is able to focus its resources on fine tuning the system, rather than simply keeping it up to speed. Since 2006 a management software provided by CARL Transport has been used to maintain the VAL fleet and fixed equipment in the network. As well as providing a complete system configuration via system modelling, it also manages workshop activities, i.e. routine, preventive and corrective maintenance
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Stations On average there are 32 fixed cameras per station, although the amount varies, e.g. Porta Nuova has 60. The video streams are hardware digitally encoded with MPEG4 algorithm in the station itself and then transferred with an IP/Ethernet optical ring backbone. All streams are recorded in the stations 24 hours a day for 7 days, while in the Central Security Room displayed streams are recorded for 7 days.
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Tunnels There are approximately 70 cameras (150mm lens) wired to the nearest station, where the video streams are managed the same way as for the station cameras, plus four cameras for each fan sink.
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Vehicle 10
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Trains On board there are four fixed cameras per vehicle. The streams are hardware digitally encoded with an MPEG4 algorithm in the train itself,
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The Central Security Room has two operator workstations with a graphic user interface for displaying and controlling each of the abovementioned cameras. By simply ‘dragging and dropping’ from the metro map of the station, the operator can display live images on the monitor wall. This is 4 X 1.8 metres in diameter and made up of 28 LCD displays. There are also two arrays of 2 x TB RAID5 disks for recording the 28 images projected.
then transferred in real time via IEEE802.11g wireless protocol. All the streams are stored in the train for two days, while those delivered to the Central Security Room are stocked for seven days.
Spectrum analysis around 2.4GHz
Eyeing the future
Display Atten 5 dB
Ref-29.8 dBm Peak Log 5 dB/
Trunk Radio, harmonic at 10cm antenna distance
UMTS
Mkr1 2.315 GHz -2.147e+06 dBm -2.1
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Center 2.25 GHz Res BW 3 MHz
VBW 3 MHz
Span 500 MHz Sweep 4 ms (401 pts)
Video stream resolution is 4CIF both for trains and stations, while the number of frames per second (fps) differs. In the trains, video streams are coded at 6fps to guarantee sufficient bandwidth for continuous streaming of live footage from two complete trainsets, i.e. 16 video streams. All the streams flow in the IP/Ethernet optical ring backbone and are hardware decoded in the Central Security Room from MPEG4 to analog, then displayed on the monitor wall. The network backbone comprises a double redundant, 10Gbps optical ring with a Spanning tree protocol that recognises the topology, OSPF protocol for routing and PIM protocol for Multicast routing.
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Since Turin Metro was built to quadruple in size, priority was given to flexibility and modularity right from the start. And such foresight has paid off. For example when the Turin police requested access to video footage recorded inside the metro system: since the overall network architecture is a Big-IP LAN, the task proved simple and rapid, taking only a couple of days. It involved creating a geographic link between the nearest metro station and police headquarters and providing the latter with a workstation similar to those installed in the Metro Central Security Room. Hence the police can select and view real-time footage from stations, trains or tunnels independently
Alberto Forchino, GTT All illustrations ©GTT SpA – unless marked
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