Transcript
Example Deployment Progression (Packeteer PacketShaper)
1 Gain Visibility
WAN Core
Core PacketShaper Monitoring Module
2 Get Control Software Key Upgrade WAN Edge
Shaping Module
3
4
5
Increase Capacity
Enhance Performance
Lower TCO
Add PacketShaper to edge
Software Key Upgrade
Centralized Management
Compression Modules
Acceleration Modules
PolicyCenter and ReportCenter
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1
Monitoring: Identify Issues and Select the Right Tools
Monitoring provides visibility: ■ Identify applications ■ Monitor utilization and performance – Identify network issues such as: ■ Recreational apps ■ Latency
■ Measure user experience – Monitor Service-Level Agreements – Benchmark app response times
■ Access performance diagnostics
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Why is Monitoring Important?
Before you can deal with application performance issues, you need to know what’s using the bandwidth!
Sources: *Network World / Packeteer Application Performance Survey
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2
Monitoring: Industry-Leading Layer 7 Plus Classification
■ Unique to Packeteer ■ Empowers IT organizations to: – Identify applications on the network – Measure utilization by application – Benchmark response times & SLA’s for key applications – Diagnose & isolate causes of performance problems
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Monitoring Technology: Automatic Traffic Discovery
■ Place PacketShaper at WAN/LAN ■ ■
threshold Turn on traffic discovery PacketShaper maps traffic to its classification library – Automatically builds a list of the applications running on your network
■ Starts collecting performance data – Utilization – Efficiency – Response times
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3
Monitoring: Network Utilization Utilization
Efficiency
Response Times
Diagnostics
How does WAN usage align with business objectives? NetWare NetWare consumes consumes entire entire T1 T1 for for two two days: days: Serious impact on Citrix Serious impact on Citrix performance performance
Find Find out out why why and and who who
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Monitoring: Network Utilization Utilization
■ ■ ■ ■
Efficiency
Average and peak Network efficiency Top Talkers/Listeners Packets and packet sizes
Response Times
Diagnostics
See See up-to-the up-to-the minute minute network network utilization utilization
Understand Understand cause cause and and effect effect
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4
Monitoring: Network Efficiency Utilization
Efficiency
Response Times
Diagnostics
How efficiently is the network running?
Identify Identify times times when when network network efficiency efficiency drops drops below below 100% 100%
See See when when bandwidth bandwidth is is being being wasted wasted by by retransmissions retransmissions
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Monitoring: Response Times Utilization
Efficiency
Response Times
Diagnostics
■ How do specific applications perform?
Start Start solving solving performance performance issues issues before users before users report report them them as as problems problems
See See how how applications applications actually actually perform perform
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5
Monitoring: Response Times Utilization
Efficiency
Response Times
Diagnostics
■ Measure health and end user experience of timesensitive applications
Example: Example: SAP SAP roundtrip roundtrip times times are are suffering: suffering: what what is is the the cause? cause?
See See immediately immediately how how an an overloaded overloaded server server is is the the root root of of the the problem problem
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Monitoring: Voice and Video Quality Metrics Utilization
Efficiency
Response Times
Diagnostics
■ Quality metrics for converged networks – Measure jitter, loss and delay for RTP traffic – voice and video
■ Track SLAs for Voice, Video and MPLS Services – Extends Application SLAs to voice traffic (Real Time Protocol) – Monitor call quality for IP Telephony and Video conferencing – Monitor performance of real time classes for MPLS WAN Service Data Center
Branch
WAN Jitter & Loss
Delay for RTP Traffic & Real time MPLS traffic classes
Jitter & Loss
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Monitoring: Diagnostics Utilization
Efficiency
Response Times
Diagnostics
Detailed Traffic Flow Analysis ■ Connection analysis ■ TCP health analysis ■ Packet capture Drill Drill down down to to lowlowlevel level metrics metrics to to spot spot attacks attacks as as they they happen happen
Double Double click click on on aa server server to to see see the the flows flows and and isolate isolate failed failed connections connections
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Monitoring: Diagnostics Utilization
Efficiency
Response Times
Diagnostics
■ Monitor and alert for WAN-based issues – Significant increase in connections reveal Virus and DoS attacks – Increase in server Ignores and Refuses indicates overloaded server
Example: Example: Worms Worms cause cause signature signature increase increase in in connection connection attempts attempts Set Set up up alerts alerts to to warn warn you you in in future future
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Value Summary Monitoring
Identify issues and select the right tools ■ Identify and classify applications ■ Monitor utilization and performance – Identify network issues such as recreational apps and latency
■ Measure user experience – Monitor Service Level Agreements – Benchmark app response times
■ Access performance diagnostics
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Shaping: Apply Business Rules to WAN Traffic
Shaping provides control to: ■ Fix critical application performance issues by allocating bandwidth ■ Contain recreational and malicious traffic ■ Minimize network congestion and latency
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Problems Caused by Lack of Control
Recreational apps:
Branch Offices
All apps compete for less bandwidth
Surfing the Internet, iTunes, VOD, P2P, Skype, Virus & Worm propagation
Bandwidth-hungry apps: Email, File Transfers, Backup, Database Sync, Distributed Storage
Router
WAN
Latency Sensitive Business apps: SAP, Oracle, Siebel PeopleSoft, VoIP, IP Video, Mainframe
64k to T1/E1
10Meg to 1Gig
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PacketShaper Control Solution
Recreational apps:
Branch Offices
Apps’ bandwidth matches business requirements
Surfing the Internet, iTunes, VOD, P2P, Skype, Virus & Worm propagation
Bandwidth-hungry apps: Email, File Transfers, Backup, Database Sync, Distributed Storage
Router
WAN
Latency Sensitive Business apps: SAP, Oracle, Siebel PeopleSoft, VoIP, IP Video, Mainframe
64k to T1/E1
10Meg to 1Gig
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9
Shaping: Policies and Partitions
■ Policy-based control
Set Set priorities priorities to to protect protect business-critical business-critical apps apps
definitions and partitions by: – Site or server – Application – User or user group
■ Beyond Standard QoS – Apply policies to protect critical traffic – Smooth disruptive, bandwidth-intensive traffic – Contain recreational traffic – Block malicious traffic
Non-critical Non-critical apps apps can can use use remaining remaining bandwidth bandwidth
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Shaping: Rate Control and Predictive Scheduler
■ Manages
Without Shaping
With Shaping
congestion proactively – Latency reduced – Packets drops minimized – Fewer retransmissions – Improved application performance.
■ Improve efficiency to increase throughput Folie 20
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Shaping: Behavioral Threat Suppression
■ Auto-detection of suspect servers and traffic – Spoofing hosts – Virus infected hosts – Tell-tale behavior
Zero Day Gap
Cost
■ Too many connections
Time
Outbreak
■ Too many failed connections
Business continuity
– Syn attacks
■ Implement network-level availability for business continuity – Automatic, immediate response to attacks ■ Automatic quarantine of suspect hosts ■ Intelligent throttling of malicious traffic during DoS floods
■ Forensic information recorded
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Shaping: Alternatives – Router-based QoS
■ Manage bandwidth passively and react to congestion and ■ ■
packet loss Use port-based application traffic classification Use various packet-based queuing methods that: – Are not bi-directional ■ Cannot control inbound traffic at the other edge
– Add delay to transaction time and latency – Cannot provide per-flow guarantees – Are only truly effective as part of a comprehensive control strategy
■ Are managed on a per-router basis – Big management overhead in distributed deployments
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Router-based QoS Compared to Inbound Rate Control
Configured in all the branches and Data Center, router-based Queuing relies on the bulk transfers being throttled down after packet loss…
Branch Offices
A Bulk Data
512Kbps 1Mbps
Data
512Kbps
B
Center
Citrix
C
512Kbps
Bulk Data
Packeteer’s Patented Rate Control applied only in the Data Center slows down the Bulk traffic without packet loss and before queues can build
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Value Summary Shaping
Apply business rules to WAN traffic ■ Allocate bandwidth – Apply application-intelligent QoS for customer-critical apps – Fix application performance issues at any location
■ Secure the WAN from DoS – Pre-empt malicious events – Control recreational or malicious traffic
■ Deal smartly with congestion – Minimize latencies and inefficiencies for particular apps
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Compression: Reduce the Volume of WAN Traffic
■ ■ ■ ■
Compression creates bandwidth Increase WAN capacity over the same physical links Application-specific compression Improve application performance – Apply best-suited compression algorithm for each application
■ Eliminate configuration overhead
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Why is Compression Important?
■ Increase WAN capacity over the same physical links with ■
application-specific compression Improve application performance – Improve application performance and responsiveness – Apply best-suited compression algorithm for each application
■ Prioritize critical applications – Prioritize business-critical applications by giving them increased network capacity
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PacketShaper Solution to Increase Capacity
■ ■ ■ ■
Application-Intelligence applied for selective compression Low Latency maximizes performance ActiveTunnel eliminates configuration Algorithm plug-ins to maximize compression
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Increased Capacity with Control
■ Makes sense only if application specific ■ Control allocation before adding resources – Ensure your customer-critical applications reap benefits – Contain “bursty” non-critical traffic
■ Manage end-to-latency and jitter – Actively throttles traffic before congestion occurs Compression without Control
Compression with Control
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Compression Solution
■ Most customers experience between 2:1 and 3:1 gains PacketShaper Compression Module Oracle
Web Apps
General Internet
E-mail
Blended NetBIOS Average
% Increase in capacity
100
75
50
25
0
3:1
5:1
2:1
2.5:1
4:1
2.5:1
* Mix of traffic determines actual gains
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Compression: Application-intelligent Algorithms
■ Automatic best-fit selected by PacketShaper ■ App-specific algorithms maximize compression: – Pred2 ■ General purpose two-pass predictive algorithm
– Pred1 ■ Fast compression for latency-sensitive apps
– I-CNA ■ For text-heavy apps, high throughput high speed
– CNA ■ Best for non-time-critical text-heavy apps such as email
– Zlib ■ Learning algorithm for forms-oriented and other repetitive app
traffic
– RET-D ■ ‘Stateless' protocol for Voice and Video traffic
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Compression: Control-aware Management of Packets
■ SuperPackets – Concatenation of multiple compressed packets ■ Combines payloads from multiple packets ■ Enhances performance of packet payload compression
– Removes any overhead created by packet header compression and header compression
■ MTU Management – TCP/IP concept that indicates the largest size packet that can be transmitted ■ Too large: too much potential for delays for subsequent packets ■ Too small: too much overhead from headers and
acknowledgements
– PacketShaper can automatically adjust MTU size for optimum results
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Compression: Zero Configuration or Tunable Tunnels
■
Active Tunnels – ActiveTunnel eliminates configuration – Especially significant in mesh topologies such as MPLS
■
ActiveTunnel–Automation – Establish communications between two PacketShapers – Automate discovery, configuration & reliability
■
Increase compression efficiency
■
Static (priority) and Dynamic Tunnels
– Minimize overhead, allows stateless compression, improved packing – Static tunnels can be configured with customized parameters: ■ Packing on/off, MTU, compression/acceleration on/off, firewall, DiffServ
– Subnets, hosts and ranges of hosts assignable to tunnels on local and remote end – Dynamic tunnels can be made static
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Compression: IP Telephony Compression
■
UDP-RT: Compression & Packing for voice and video – RTP payload already compressed by voice/video codec (don’t try to compress) – Header Compression & Packet Packing ■ Use SuperPackets to pack payloads from multiple calls & other compressible data ■ More efficient transport, removes unnecessary overhead
■
Increases capacity for voice and video – Fit more calls onto same bandwidth – Gains increase with capacity – more calls, more savings RTP Payload (call 1)
RTP Header
UDP Header
IP Header
Small payload 12 bytes 8 bytes 20 bytes (e.g. 64 bytes) Compressed by codecs RTP6
RTP5
ERP
RTP4
Web
RTP3
RTP2
FTP
RTP1 Tunn
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Value Summary Compression
Reduce the Volume of WAN Traffic ■ Compression creates bandwidth ■ Increase WAN capacity over the same physical links ■ Application-specific compression ■ Improve application performance – Apply best-suited compression algorithm for each application
■ Eliminate configuration overhead
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Acceleration: Reclaim Wasted Bandwidth
■ Optimize application performance over high-latency links ■ Accelerate file transfers, large and small ■ Speed database sync and backups, disaster recovery, XML and HTTP sessions
■ Increase link utilization on fat WAN links ■ Maximize bandwidth utilization ■ ■
and ROI Minimize retransmission and recover more quickly from errors Works in concert with compression; leverages shaping
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Why is PacketShaper Acceleration Important?
■ WAN latency and TCP protocol behavior are facts of life – Cause performance problems on the WAN – Affect more than 80% of WAN applications – Are not cured by simply adding more bandwidth
■ Can leverage compression and benefit from shaping
■ Has dramatic effect on performance of many apps such as: – Datacenter mirroring – Backup – Web services
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TCP: Poor Performance with Latency
Latency impacts performance
Data Center
Branch Office
WAN
■ Affects all TCP Traffic – 80%+ of network traffic, including Web/HTTP, File Transfer (FTP), Exchange, Citrix, ERP, etc
■ Impact depends on OS and application type
– Creates problems for large file transfers, backup, synch—big jobs
WAN Link
Delay
Within Boston
2 -10 ms
Boston to D.C.
12 -24 ms
NY to San Francisco
60 -120 ms
Wash DC to Frankfurt
95 -250 ms
L.A. to Singapore
170-400 ms
Satellite
600 ms
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Example: TCP Protocol Design and a CAD File ■
Engineering CAD File – An engineering design application working between data center and engineer’s branch office – Transfers a 500 MB CAD File via File Transport Protocol (FTP)
■ ACK; “got it - send more data”
Data fills Window Data fills next window
Client
FTP uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) as in TCP/IP – FTP/TCP breaks the CAD file into chunks of data to send to the client – transmission ‘windows’ – FTP/TCP uses “ACKnowledgements” (ACK) to pace the flow of data from server – Application will not transmit the next ‘window’ until it gets ACK from previous – Occurs very fast if in the same building
Server
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Latency & TCP: Slows Down the Process Data Center
WAN
0 sec
Send ACK
Wait
Send
ACK
Wait
■ ■
ACK
■ ■
400 ms: TCP waits for the ACK before sending the next window of data Constrains bandwidth rate – flows capped at 640 kbps (Windows 2003) 2 Mbps link is only 32% utilized 1.74 hours to transfer 500 MB file
Send
1 sec
Wait
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Latency: Problem Worse on Higher Bandwidth Links
75ms
150ms
280ms
600ms
T1 WAN connection
Wasted bandwidth
10 Mbps WAN 75ms
150ms
280ms
% of bandwidth filled
600ms
75ms
150ms
280ms
600ms
Windows XP
Linux
Windows NT
100 Mbps
Windows 2000
Latency (in ms)
Typical Window Sizes
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Acceleration Technology: Xpress TCP
■ High performance network protocol; transparent gateway Client
PacketShaper
PacketShaper
Server
Browser Browser
Web WebServer Server
Protocol ProtocolTranslation TranslationModule Module
Protocol ProtocolTranslation TranslationModule Module
TCP TCP
TCP TCP
Xpress XpressTCP TCP
Xpress XpressTCP TCP
TCP TCP
IP IP
IP IP
IP IP
IP IP
IP IP
IP IP
Driver Driver
Driver Driver
Driver Driver
Driver Driver
Driver Driver
Driver Driver
To ToGateway Gateway
To ToClient Client
To ToWAN WAN
To ToWAN WAN
To ToServer Server
To ToGateway Gateway
TCP
WAN
TCP TCP
TCP
Xpress TCP
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Acceleration Module Technology: Xpress TCP DataCenter Center Data
WAN Xpress WAN TCP
0 sec
Send ACK
ACK
ACK
Wait
Send
■ Moves server response to local site, rather than moving Wait all ■ ■
the way over WAN Opens Window sizes to maximize output Send Compression increases available bandwidth – even faster 1 sec Wait transfer
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Xpress TCP: Transfer a 500 MB CAD File
File Transfer on Normal WAN Link 150ms
280ms
600ms
11 Hr Hr 44 44 min min
1200ms
33 Min 3x Acceleration
Xpress TCP Xpress TCP + Compression
6.7 Min 16x Acceleration
■ ■ ■
Xpress TCP Windows 2003, 400 ms latency – 640 Kbps
2 Mbps WAN
Reclaim 68% of link Increase (and use) capacity 5x Applications – Large File Transfers – – – – –
CAD Drawing Transfer Data Replication PC or Server Backup Distributed Storage Disaster Recovery
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PacketShaper Solution: Acceleration and Control
Xpress TCP Windows 2003, 400 ms latency – 640 Kbps
End of Day Operations ■ One or a few ‘big’ flows ■ Link is uncongested ■ Simple Acceleration works
10 Mbps WAN
Business Critical & IP Telephony
Xpress TCP Windows 2003, 400 ms latency – 640 Kbps
Leave room for real-time apps ■ Ramp but contain ‘big flows’ ■ Ensure business-critical applications (ERP, voice, video)
10 Mbps WAN
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Acceleration Module Solution: Xpress HTTP
■ Problem: – Slow portals, Web-based SAP, Intranet and web pages
■ Solution: Xpress HTTP – Accelerates Web-based applications – Intranet portals
■ 8x speedup for web pages – Fast connection setup, Intelligent parsing, fetching, pre-caching of objects & content – Applicable to HTTP and XML over HTTP
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Can Your Application Benefit from TCP Acceleration?
■
When is acceleration most useful: – Big jobs— large file transfer, database synch, server backup, storage mirror, etc – Big links – between data centers, even close together (doesn’t need high latency) – High latency environments— Satellite, intercontinental – Large transactional applications for ERP, CRM and other customer-critical applications.
■
IF Application needs it, then – Latency, link size, operating system
TCP Acceleration much more helpful Large file transfer CAD, X-Ray, legal docs Multimedia files Large print production files Database synch Server backup Storage mirror Large transactions – queries, BIG JOBS
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Key Qualifiers: Applications, Link, Latency and OS
■ Applications – Some applications are more conducive to TCP acceleration than others – Use our scoring system to average across your mix of apps. ■ Application Acceleration Ratings hyperlink
■ Link, latency and OS – Determine how much your network can benefit from Xpress TCP acceleration – Estimate your link's utilization and latency characteristics ■ Link Utilization Calculator
hyperlink
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Value summary Acceleration
Reclaim Wasted Bandwidth ■ Optimize application performance over high-latency links ■ Accelerate file transfers, large and small ■ Speed XML and HTTP sessions, disaster recovery, database sync and backups ■ Increase link utilization on fat WAN links ■ Maximize bandwidth utilization and ROI ■ Minimize retransmission and recover more quickly from errors ■ Works in concert with compression; leverages shaping
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