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Year 9 Scheme Of Work 2016-17

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FUN FOCUS Combinatorics ! N1 Autumn A2 GM1 Solve it! Twisting and Turning 2 weeks 3 weeks RR1 FDP More bits and pieces and all that jazz A1 3 weeks 3 weeks Smashing Sequences & Funky Functions Naming shapes and visualising dimensions 2 weeks 13 weeks Factors Multiples & Primes Spring S1 GM2 Versions of the truth! Drastic Dimensions 3 weeks 2.5 weeks N2 Understanding P1 Place Value Dancing with Decimals Chances are..... 3 weeks 2 weeks 10.5 weeks FDPs & Percentages Perimeter, Area & Volume Probability Summer A4 Angles 11.5 weeks N3 A3 GM3 Nice and tidy! A prime example Line up! What a transformation! 2 weeks 2 weeks 2.5 weeks 1.5 weeks ALGEBRA KEY SKILLS SUPPORT COLUMN: Objectives for Y8 Typically Sets 7- 8 will need to focus on these before progressing to some of the Core objectives highlighted in yellow CORE COLUMN: Objectives for Y9 Typically Sets 4- 6 will spend the majority of lesson time on these, after the teacher is sure the support column objectives are secure. EXTENTION COLUMN: Objectives for most able Typically Sets 1- 3 will spend the majority of time securing all the Core objectives but should find these are achieved quickly enough to free up time to spend on the extension objectives. Level 8 – only accessed by set 1 usually - is highlighted in turquoise. NRICH HYPERLINKS ARE ACESSED BY CTRL AND LEFT CLICK EG. NRICH: Six Times Five S = Starter to recap objective Please look at Rich task folder and mini rich tasks thinking skills problems when appropriate. Functional Maths Tasks from teacher packs are written in orange. Standards material is in bold purple and may be useful teaching resources they are boxed on top of the filing cabinets eg. N10 is Number materials 10 TEXT BOOKS TYPICALLY SETS 1 - 3 ESSENTIAL MATHS 9 LEVELS 5 – 8 TYPICALLY SETS 4 - 6 ESSENTIAL MATHS 9i LEVELS 4 – 6 / 7 TYPICALLY SETS 7 - 8 ESSENTIAL MATHS 9f LEVELS 2 - 5 TOPIC Algebra 1 Smashing Sequences & Funky Funtions 2 weeks Support Core Extension L5 Generate and describe integer sequences. EM 9f p 1-6 L6 Generate terms of a sequence using term-to-term and position-to-term definitions of the sequence, on paper and using ICT. EM 9i p 122-125 L6 Generate sequences from practical contexts and write an expression to describe the nth term of an arithmetic sequence. Seven Squares USE THE VOCABULARY: ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE & GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE (pupils should appreciate the difference between them). Coordinate Patterns Sequences and Series L6 Express simple functions in symbols; represent mappings expressed algebraically. EM 9f p 7-8 L6 Find the inverse of a linear function. Use arrow diagrams to aid understanding. EM 9i p156 Sequences, functions and graphs (148–163, 172–177) L7 Find the next term and the nth term of linear and quadratic sequences and functions and explore their properties. Deduce the nth tem of the Triangle Numbers (could be done using geometrical reasoning). EM 9 p126-131 Tablecloth L7 Deduce properties of the sequences of triangular and square numbers from spatial patterns. TOPIC Number 1 And all that Jazz 3 weeks Support L4 Order decimals. EM 9f p 19 L4 -6 Add and subtract fractions by writing them with a common denominator. L5 Calculate fractions of quantities (whole number and fraction answers). L4-5 multiply and divide an integer by a fraction. EM 9f p 20-26 Egyptian Fractions Ben's Game Interpret percentage as the operator ‘so many hundredths of’; express one given number as a percentage of another. Fraction and Percentage Card N1 Standards N6 Standards N10 Standards Game L4 (L5 - harder 75%,15% larger numbers)Find 10%, 5%, 20% etc. by mental methods EM 9f p 27-29 L5 Recall fraction to decimal conversions. EM 9f p 38-39 Round and Round and Round Sept 03 Calculations (82–103, 110–111) L5 Round positive numbers to any given power of 10 and decimals to the nearest whole number, 1 or 2 decimal places. EM 9f p 42-44 EM 9f p 121-124 Core L6 Use efficient methods to add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions, interpreting division as a multiplicative inverse; cancel common factors before multiplying or dividing. EM 9i p 33-35 Harmonic Triangle Twisting and Turning More Twisting and Turning L5 Understand the order of precedence and effect of powers. Involve fractions, negative numbers and decimals where appropriate. EM 9i p 43-44 L5 Make and justify estimates and approximations of calculations. Use rounding to make estimates; round numbers to the nearest whole number or to one or two decimal places. L7 Understand the effects of multiplying and dividing by numbers between 0 and 1. EM 9i p 84-88 Extension Recognise and use reciprocals. L7 Estimate calculations by rounding numbers to one significant figure and multiplying or dividing mentally. EM 9i p 88-89 L7 Understand upper and lower bounds; round numbers to three decimal places and a given number of significant figures. EM 9 p85-90 𝟒 If x divided by y is and y divided by z 𝟓 𝟑 is 𝟏𝟎 what is x divided by z? TOPIC Ratio, Proportion & Rates of Change 1 More bits and pieces 3 weeks Support Core Extension L5 Reduce a ratio to its simplest form, including a ratio expressed in different units. L6 Recognise when fractions or percentages are needed to compare proportions; solve problems involving percentage changes. EM 9i p130-138 see 4 boxes below EM 9 p23-27 L8 Solve reverse percentage Problems and use simple interest in financial mathematics. EM 9 p131-135 L5 Divide a quantity into two or more parts in a given ratio. L5 Use the unitary method to solve simple word problems involving ratio and direct proportion. EM 9f p 30-33, 154-155 EM 9f p 90 L6 Begin to use graphs and set up equations to solve simple problems involving direct proportion Rule of Three Tearaway the tortoise walks at 3ms-1 and runs at 5ms-1. If she runs for 2 minutes and then walks for 4 minutes, what is her average speed? If I drive home with an average speed of 60mph I will arrive home an hour earlier than expected. If I average 40mph I will arrive home an hour later than expected. At what speed should I travel to arrive bang on time? If x men take y days to build z houses, how many days would it take q men to build r houses? (xyr/qz) Hidden Squares L4-5Consolidate understanding of the relationship between ratio and proportion; reduce a ratio to its simplest form, including a ratio expressed in different units. EM 9f revision and p 213 L5 Make simple scale drawings. EM 9f p 151-153 Include simple interest, VAT, discounts, pay rises, annual rate of inflation, income tax and simple examples of compound interest. L6 Use proportional reasoning to solve a problem, choosing the correct numbers to take as 100%, or as a whole; compare two ratios; interpret and use ratio in a range of contexts, including solving word problems. EM 9i p 157-160 Mixing Paints Mixing More Paints L5 Use and interpret map scales and scale drawings. EM 9i p 161 A Chance to Win? EM 9 p44 L7 Understand and use measures of speed (and other compound measures such as density or pressure) to solve problems; solve problems involving constant or average rates of change. An introduction to standard form might be useful at this stage. SEE LEFT COLUMN EM 9 p159-163 An Unhappy End Solve problems involving direct and inverse proportion, including graphical and algebraic representations. TOPIC Support Algebra 2 L4 Know the meanings of the words formula and function. Solve it! 2 weeks Pick's Theorem CHECK for understanding of VOCAB:  Expression  Equation  Term  Inequality  Factor L6 Construct and solve linear equations with integer coefficients (unknown on either or both sides) using appropriate methods (e.g. inverse operations, transforming both sides in the same way). EM 9f p 48 Number Tricks Mind Reading Think of Two Numbers Core Extension L5 Distinguish the different roles played by letter symbols in equations, identities, formulae and functions. EM 9 p12-18 –selection as revision L7 Solve a pair of simultaneous linear equations by eliminating one variable; link a graphical representation of an equation or a pair of equations to the algebraic solution; consider cases that have no solution or an infinite number of solutions. Top-heavy Pyramids L6 Construct and solve linear equations with integer coefficients (with and without brackets, negative signs anywhere in the equation, positive or negative solution) using an appropriate method. EM 9i p 18-22, 58-64 L6 Use systematic trial and improvement methods and ICT tools to find approximate solutions of equations such as x3 + x = 20. EM 9i p 139-145 Magic Potting Sheds More Magic Potting Sheds Equations, formulae and identities (112–113, 122–125, 132–137) A1 Standards L6 Solve problems involving direct proportion using algebraic methods, relating algebraic solutions to graphical representations of the equations; use ICT as appropriate. Noughts and Crosses EM 9 p137-144 Which of these points lies on both of the lines 3x-y=12 and 4x+y=23? (6,6) (4,7) (5,3) (11, 21) (5, -3) Sweet Shop Arithmagons What's it Worth? Children at Large EM 9 p50-55 L8 Understand and use proportionality. Introduce the constant k and solve problems involving direct and inverse proportion. TOPIC Geometry & Measures 1 Twisting and Turning 3 weeks Geometrical reasoning: lines, angles and shapes (178–189, 194–197) SS1 Standards Support Core Extension L6 Identify alternate angles and corresponding angles; understand a proof that: the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 and of a quadrilateral is 360; - the exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two interior opposite angles. EM 9f p 51-57 L5 Solve geometrical problems using side and angle properties of equilateral, isosceles and right-angled triangles and special quadrilaterals, explaining reasoning with diagrams and text. L6 classify quadrilaterals by their geometric properties. EM 9f p 58-62 Square Coordinates L6 Explain how to find, calculate and use: the sums of the interior and exterior angles of quadrilaterals, pentagons and hexagons, the interior and exterior angles of regular polygons. EM 9i p 36-42 Semi-regular Tessellations L8 Distinguish between practical demonstration and proof; know underlying assumptions, recognising their importance and limitations, and the effect of varying them. EM 9 p182-183 Square It Can You Explain Why? Functional Maths – Tessellations Construction and loci(220–227) Solving problems (14–17) L6 Use straight edge and compasses to construct: the mid-point and perpendicular bisector of a line segment; the bisector of an angle; the perpendicular from a point to a line; the perpendicular from a point on a line; construct a triangle, given three sides (SSS); use ICT to explore these constructions. EM 9f p 66-72 L6 Solve problems using properties of angles, of parallel and intersecting lines, and of triangles and other polygons, justifying inferences and explaining reasoning with diagrams and text. L7 Understand and apply Pythagoras’ theorem L6 Know the definition of a circle and the names of its parts; explain why inscribed regular polygons can be constructed by equal divisions of a circle. L6 Use straight edge and compasses to construct a triangle, given right angle, hypotenuse and side (RHS); use ICT to explore constructions of triangles and other 2-D shapes. EM 9i p50-52 (Know and use the criteria for the congruence of triangles). L7 Find the locus of a point that moves according to a simple rule, both by reasoning and by using ICT. EM 9i p177-180 Roundabout Rollin' Rollin' Rollin' EM 9 p30-36 +p181(interesting) and p78-80 ‘around’ circles work L7 Understand and apply Pythagoras’ theorem & understand a simple proof of the theorem. Recognise and use the fact that the perpendicular distance from a point to a line is the shortest distance to the line. EM 9 p80-81 EXCEPTIONAL: Know that the tangent at any point on a circle is perpendicular to the radius at that point; explain why the perpendicular from the centre to the chord bisects the chord. (Circle Theorems if time) EM 9 p78 L8 Know from experience of constructing them that triangles given SSS, SAS, ASA or RHS are unique, but that triangles given SSA or AAA are not. Extend to rules for congruent triangles/proof if appropriate. EM 9 p45-46 L7 Find the locus of a point that moves according to a more complex rule, involving loci and simple constructions. EM 9 p185-190 inc scale drawings TOPIC Statistics 1 Versions of the truth! 3 weeks Through this work develop strategies for dealing with outliers. (248–275) S4 Standards S5 Standards Functional Maths – Music Scales Fishing competition on the Avon Support Core Extension L5 Collect data from a variety of sources using a suitable methods, such as observation, controlled experiment, including data logging using ICT, or questionnaire to answer a question and decide the degree of accuracy needed. EM 9f p 84-86 L5 Calculate statistics, including with a calculator; recognise when it is appropriate to use the range, mean, median and mode. EM 9f p 79-83 L6 Construct, on paper and using ICT: pie charts for categorical data; bar charts and frequency diagrams for discrete data; Identify which are most useful in the context of the problem. EM 9f p 75-78 Construct and use stem-and-leaf diagrams. EM 9f p 220-222 L5 Interpret tables, graphs and diagrams for discrete data and draw inferences that relate to the problem being discussed; relate summarised data to the questions being explored. EM 9f p 87-89 L5 Compare two distributions using the range and one or more of the mode, median and mean. EM 9f p 79-83 Explore a problem using statistical methods. EM 9i p 168-172 L6-7 Identify possible sources of data (primary and secondary). L6 Design a survey or experiment, considering sources, sample size and degree of accuracy needed. Construct tables for large discrete and continuous sets of raw data, choosing suitable class intervals (use of inequalities). L6 two-way tables. Find summary values and select the statistics most appropriate to the problem. Make comparisons using summary data. Top Coach L7 Identify possible sources of bias and plan how to minimise it. EM 9 p106-111 L8 Find the median and quartiles for large data sets; estimate the mean, median and inter-quartile range of a large set of grouped data – use c. freq curves. Draw box-plots. EM 9 p64-68 and c freq p72-73 L7 Select, construct and modify, on paper and using ICT, suitable graphical representation to progress an enquiry, including: frequency polygons. EM 9 p68-71 Scatter graphs and lines of best fit by eye, understanding what they represent and use them to make predictions and draw conclusions. EM 9 p47-49 EM 9 p65 L7 Analyse data to find patterns and exceptions, look for cause and effect and try to explain anomalies. L7 Examine critically the results of a statistical enquiry, and justify choice of statistical representation in written presentations, recognising the limitations of any assumptions and their effect on conclusions drawn. L6-7 Select, construct and modify, suitable graphical representation including: line graphs for time series; scatter graphs to develop understanding of correlation; Identify key features present in the data. EM 9i p 53-58, 101-106 Stem and leaf EM 9i p 152-153 L6 Interpret graphs and diagrams and draw inferences to support or cast doubt on initial conjectures. L6 Compare two or more distributions using graphs. L6 Communicate results of a statistical enquiry using above skills. TOPIC Geometry and Measures 2 Drastic Dimensions 2.5 weeks Coordinates (218–219) Measures and mensuration (228–231, 234–241) SS3 Standards Functional Maths – Stopping distances Communication Support Core Extension L6 Given the coordinates of points A and B, find the midpoint of the line segment AB. EM 9f p 98-101 L5 Know rough metric equivalents of imperial measures in daily use (feet, miles, pounds, pints, gallons). EM 9f p 102-107 L5 Use units of measurement to calculate, estimate, measure and solve problems in a variety of contexts; L6 convert between area measures (mm2 to cm2, cm2 to m2, and vice versa) and between volume measures (mm3 to cm3, cm3 to m3, and vice versa). L7 Find points that divide a line in a given ratio, using the properties of similar triangles; given the coordinates of points A and B, calculate the length of AB. L6 Deduce and use formulae for the area of a triangle, parallelogram and trapezium. Calculate areas of compound shapes made from L5 rectangles and L6 triangles. EM 9f p 108-114 L6 Know and use the formulae for the circumference and area of a circle. EM 9i p 79-84 – basics, p24-32 circles An Unusual Shape Areas of Parallelograms L6 Calculate the surface area and volume of right prisms. EM 9i p 95-100 Isosceles Triangles Pick's Theorem L6 Know and use the formula for the volume of a cuboid; calculate volumes and surface areas of cuboids and shapes made from cuboids. EM 9f p 115-117 extra p226-227 Painted Cube Sending a Parcel L7 Recognise that measurements given to the nearest whole unit may be inaccurate by up to one half of the unit in either direction. Use inequalities to describe the bounds of a measurement. EM 9 see bounds EXCEPTIONAL: Know and use the formulae for length of arcs and area of sectors of circles. EM 9 parts of p90-99 Semi-circles L7 Calculate lengths, areas and volumes in right prisms, including cylinders. EM 9 parts of p90-99 Efficient Cutting TOPIC Number 2 Dancing with Decmials 3 weeks Pupils should know the difference between the set of integers, real and rational numbers and have some appreciation of their infinite nature. Place value (36–47) Fractions, decimals, percentages, ratio and proportion (60–65) Calculations (104–107, 110–111) N2 Standards N9 Standards Functional Maths – Fairground games Going on holiday (lots of skills involved here) Calculator methods (108–109) Solving problems (28–29) Support L4 Read and write positive integer powers of 10. L5 multiply and divide integers and decimals by 0.1, 0.01. EM 9f p 157-158 L5 Consolidate standard column procedures for addition and subtraction of integers and decimals with up to two places. EM 9f p 91-92, 125-126 Connect Three Playing Connect Three Weights Consecutive Negative Numbers Adding & Subtracting Negative Numbers Cinema Problem L5 Use standard column procedures for multiplication and division of integers and decimals, including by decimals such as 0.6 or 0.06; understand where to position the decimal point by considering equivalent calculations. Largest Product L5 Check results using appropriate methods. Core Extension L5 Extend knowledge of integer powers of 10; multiply and divide by any integer power of 10. EM 9i p7 part of L6 Know that a recurring decimal is an exact fraction. L6 Use standard column procedures to add and subtract integers and decimals of any size, including a mixture of large and small numbers with differing numbers of decimal places; multiply and divide by decimals, dividing by transforming to division by an integer. EM 9i selection of p 7-17 How Many Miles to Go? L8 Write and use and compare numbers in standard form. Add, subtract, multiply and divide numbers written in standard form. L6 Use a calculator efficiently and appropriately to perform complex calculations with numbers of any size including fractions and negative numbers, knowing not to round during intermediate steps of a calculation; use the constant,  and sign change keys, function keys for powers, roots and fractions, brackets and the memory. Interpret the display in context (negative numbers, fractions, decimals, percentages, money, metric measures, time). EM 9i p44-49 EM 9 p6-9 – see calc work below. L8 Enter numbers in standard form into a calculator and interpret the display. EM 9 p10-11 L8 Use algebraic methods to convert a recurring decimal to a fraction in simple cases. EM 9 p27-28 Repetitiously EM 9 p44 - revision L7 Use the reciprocal key of a calculator. EM 9 p39-42 TOPIC Probability 1 Chances are.... 2 weeks Probability (276–283) S2 Standards S3 Standards S7 Standards Support L5 Use the vocabulary of probability in interpreting results involving uncertainty and prediction. L5 Know that if the probability of an event occurring is p, then the probability of it not occurring is 1 – p. L6 Find and record all possible mutually exclusive outcomes for single events and two successive events in a systematic way, using diagrams and tables. L5 Understand that: if an experiment is repeated there may be, and usually will be, different outcomes; increasing the number of times an experiment is repeated generally leads to better estimates of probability. EM 9f p 141-145 Flippin' Discs Core L6 Identify all the mutually exclusive outcomes of an experiment; know that the sum of probabilities of all mutually exclusive outcomes is 1 and use this when solving problems. In a Box Extension Cover all Core. L6/7 Estimate probabilities from experimental data. Understand the difference between relative frequency and theoretical probability. EM 9i p 181-189 Two's Company Cosy Corner Construct theoretical sample spaces by listing systematically. Work out expected frequencies. Use two-way tables and frequency trees to draw conclusions about expected frequencies and associated probabilities…click link. Know that there are n! ways of listing n different outcomes. TOPIC Number 3 A prime example 1.5 weeks Support Core L4 Recognise and use multiples, factors (divisors), common factor, highest common factor, lowest common multiple and primes. EM 9f p 135 + own resource L5 Use the prime factor decomposition of a number. Applications to highest common factor, lowest common multiple and roots of numbers. American Billions Funny Factorisation What an Odd Fact(or) One to Eight Product Sudoku Product Sudoku 2 Integrated Product Sudoku L4 Use squares, positive and negative square roots, cubes and cube roots, and index notation for small positive integer powers. EM 9f p 136-137 Sissa's Reward L5 (Use ICT to) estimate square roots and cube roots. EM 9i p 5-6 L5 Use index notation for integer powers and simple instances of the index laws. Basket Case Extension [EM 9 p37] Six Times Five EXCEPTIONAL Know and use the index laws (including in generalised form) for multiplication and division of positive integer powers; begin to extend understanding of index notation to negative and fractional powers, recognising that the index laws can be applied to these as well. EM 9 p1-5, bottom p37 TOPIC Algebra 3 Line up! 2 weeks A5 Standards A6 Standards Solving problems (26–27) Support L5 Recognise that equations of the form y = mx + c correspond to straight-line graphs. L5 Plot the graphs of linear functions, where y is given explicitly in terms of x, on paper and using ICT EM 9f p 14-18, 207-208 Parallel Lines Perpendicular Lines Diamond Collector EM 9f p 9-13 Core L6 Given values for m and c, find the gradient of lines given by equations of the form y = mx + c. L6 Generate points and plot graphs of linear functions (y given implicitly in terms of x), e.g. ay + bx = 0, y + bx + c = 0, on paper and using ICT. EM 9i p 190-193 L6 Construct functions arising from real-life problems and plot their corresponding graphs; interpret graphs arising from real situations, including distance– time graphs. EM 9i p 89-94 How Far Does it Move? Speeding Up, Slowing Down Up and Across Diamond Collector Extension Reduce a linear equation in two variables to the standard form y= mx+c L7 Investigate the gradients of parallel lines and lines perpendicular to these lines. EM 9 p200-204 Diamond Collector L8 Plot the graph of the inverse of a linear function along with it’s corresponding linear function and draw conclusions; know simple properties of quadratic functions. EM 9 p158 L8 Plot graphs of quadratic and cubic functions, e.g. y = x2, y = 3x2 + 4, y = x3 EM 9 p154-157 EM 9 p100-103 Use linear and quadratic graphs to estimate values of y for given values of x and vice versa. Use a graphical method to find approximate solutions to simultaneous equations. Find approximate solutions to contextual problems from given graphs of functions, including piece-wise linear, exponential and reciprocal graphs. TOPIC Geometry & Measures 3 What a transformation! 2.5 weeks Geometrical reasoning: lines, angles and shapes (178–179, 190–191) SS1 Standards SS5 Standards SS6 Standards SS7 Standards SS8 Standards Transformations (202–217) Mensuration (242–247) Ratio and proportion (78–81) Support Core L4 Know and use geometric properties of cuboids and shapes made from cuboids. L6 Understand congruence. [Simple cases only, spot one is identical to another] L3-4 Identify all the symmetries of 2-D shapes. L6 Visualise and use 2-D representations of 3-D objects; analyse 3-D shapes through 2-D projections, including plans and elevations. EM 9i p119-121 Nine Colours EM 9f p 146-147 Understand and use the language and notation associated with enlargement. EM 9f p 148-150 Triangles to Tetrahedra L6 Transform 2-D shapes by combinations of translations, rotations and reflections, on paper and using ICT. Know that translations, rotations and reflections preserve length and angle and map objects on to congruent images. Identify reflection symmetry in 3-D shapes. EM 9i p112-118 Transformation Game L6 Enlarge 2-D shapes, given a centre of enlargement and any scale factor, on paper and using ICT; identify the scale factor of an enlargement and recognise that enlargements preserve angle but not length. L7Understand the implications of enlargement for perimeter. Extension Know that enlarging shapes will produce ‘similar’ shapes. Understand the implications of enlargement for area and volume – see SSM later. Look at similar triangles in depth and by identifying similar triangles and find missing sides. EM 9 p38 If time with high ability groups come back at the end of the SOW and teach trigonometry. TOPIC Algebra 4 Nice and tidy! 1.5 weeks Equations, formulae and identities (116–121, 138–143) A4 Standards Support Core L5 Simplify or transform linear expressions by collecting like terms. L6 Multiply a single term over a bracket. EM 9f p 45-47, 204-205 EM 9f p 206 L6 Simplify or transform algebraic expressions by taking out single-term common factors. EM 9i p 23 L5 Use formulae from mathematics and other subjects. L5 (one variable)substitute numbers into expressions and formulae. Extension L7 Square a linear expression, expand the product of two linear expressions of the form x  n and simplify the corresponding quadratic expression. L8 Establish identities such as a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b). EM 9 p18-22 Partitioning Revisited Pair Products L5 derive a formula and change its subject. Multiplication Square Temperature L7 Solve linear inequalities in one variable, and represent the solution set on a number line; L8 begin to solve inequalities in two variables. EM 9i p 126-129, simple change of subject List integer values that satisfy a given inequality and represent inequalities on number lines. Cubes Within Cubes Revisited EM 9 p204-209 Derive and use L7 more complex formulae, and change the subject of a formula. EM 9 p173-177 Terminology